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版本:Latest-3.2

配置 Microsoft Azure Storage 认证信息

StarRocks 从 3.0 版本起支持在以下场景中集成 Microsoft Azure Storage(Azure Blob Storage 或 Azure Data Lake Storage):

  • 从 Azure Storage 批量导入数据。
  • 从 Azure Storage 备份数据、或把数据恢复到 Azure Storage。
  • 查询 Azure Storage 中的 Parquet 或 ORC 格式的数据文件。
  • 查询 Azure Storage 中的 HiveIcebergHudi、或 Delta Lake 表。

StarRocks 支持通过以下类型的 Azure 存储账号来访问 Azure Storage:

  • Azure Blob Storage
  • Azure Data Lake Storage Gen1
  • Azure Data Lake Storage Gen2

本文档以 Hive catalog、文件外部表和 Broker Load 为例,介绍 StarRocks 在各应用场景下如何通过不同类型的存储账号来访问 Azure Storage。有关下面示例中出现的参数详解,参见 Hive catalog文件外部表Broker Load

Blob Storage

StarRocks 支持通过以下认证方式来访问 Blob Storage:

  • Shared Key
  • SAS Token

说明

从 Blob Storage 导入数据或直接查询 Blob Storage 中的数据文件时,需要使用 wasb 或 wasbs 作为文件协议访问目标数据:

  • 如果您的存储账号支持通过 HTTP 协议进行访问,请使用 wasb 文件协议,文件路径格式为 wasb://<container>@<storage_account>.blob.core.windows.net/<path>/<file_name>/
  • 如果您的存储账号支持通过 HTTPS 协议进行访问,请使用 wasbs 文件协议,文件路径格式为 wasbs://<container>@<storage_account>.blob.core.windows.net/<path>/<file_name>/

基于 Shared Key 认证鉴权

External Catalog

CREATE EXTERNAL CATALOG 语句中,按如下配置 azure.blob.storage_accountazure.blob.shared_key

CREATE EXTERNAL CATALOG hive_catalog_azure
PROPERTIES
(
"type" = "hive",
"hive.metastore.uris" = "thrift://xx.xx.xx.xx:9083",
"azure.blob.storage_account" = "<blob_storage_account_name>",
"azure.blob.shared_key" = "<blob_storage_account_shared_key>"
);

文件外部表

CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE 语句中,按如下配置 azure.blob.storage_accountazure.blob.shared_key 和文件路径 (path):

CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE external_table_azure
(
id varchar(65500),
attributes map<varchar(100), varchar(2000)>
)
ENGINE=FILE
PROPERTIES
(
"path" = "wasb[s]://<container>@<storage_account>.blob.core.windows.net/<path>/<file_name>",
"format" = "ORC",
"azure.blob.storage_account" = "<blob_storage_account_name>",
"azure.blob.shared_key" = "<blob_storage_account_shared_key>"
);

Broker Load

LOAD LABEL 语句中,按如下配置 azure.blob.storage_accountazure.blob.shared_key 和文件路径 (DATA INFILE):

LOAD LABEL test_db.label000
(
DATA INFILE("wasb[s]://<container>@<storage_account>.blob.core.windows.net/<path>/<file_name>")
INTO TABLE test_ingestion_2
FORMAT AS "parquet"
)
WITH BROKER
(
"azure.blob.storage_account" = "<blob_storage_account_name>",
"azure.blob.shared_key" = "<blob_storage_account_shared_key>"
);

基于 SAS Token 认证鉴权

External Catalog

CREATE EXTERNAL CATALOG 语句中,按如下配置 azure.blob.storage_accountazure.blob.containerazure.blob.sas_token

CREATE EXTERNAL CATALOG hive_catalog_azure
PROPERTIES
(
"type" = "hive",
"hive.metastore.uris" = "thrift://xx.xx.xx.xx:9083",
"azure.blob.storage_account" = "<blob_storage_account_name>",
"azure.blob.container" = "<blob_container_name>",
"azure.blob.sas_token" = "<blob_storage_account_SAS_token>"
);

文件外部表

CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE 语句中,按如下配置 azure.blob.storage_accountazure.blob.containerazure.blob.sas_token 和文件路径 (path):

CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE external_table_azure
(
id varchar(65500),
attributes map<varchar(100), varchar(2000)>
)
ENGINE=FILE
PROPERTIES
(
"path" = "wasb[s]://<container>@<storage_account>.blob.core.windows.net/<path>/<file_name>",
"format" = "ORC",
"azure.blob.storage_account" = "<blob_storage_account_name>",
"azure.blob.container" = "<blob_container_name>",
"azure.blob.sas_token" = "<blob_storage_account_SAS_token>"
);

Broker load

LOAD LABEL 语句中,按如下配置 azure.blob.storage_accountazure.blob.containerazure.blob.sas_token 和文件路径 (DATA INFILE):

LOAD LABEL test_db.label000
(
DATA INFILE("wasb[s]://<container>@<storage_account>.blob.core.windows.net/<path>/<file_name>")
INTO TABLE target_table
FORMAT AS "parquet"
)
WITH BROKER
(
"azure.blob.storage_account" = "<blob_storage_account_name>",
"azure.blob.container" = "<blob_container_name>",
"azure.blob.sas_token" = "<blob_storage_account_SAS_token>"
);

Data Lake Storage Gen1

StarRocks 支持通过以下认证方式来访问 Data Lake Storage Gen1:

  • Managed Service Identity
  • Service Principal

说明

从 Azure Data Lake Storage Gen1 导入数据或直接查询 Azure Data Lake Storage Gen1 中的数据文件时,需要使用 adl 作为文件协议访问目标数据,文件路径格式为 adl://<data_lake_storage_gen1_name>.azuredatalakestore.net/<path>/<file_name>

基于 Managed Service Identity 认证鉴权

External Catalog

CREATE EXTERNAL CATALOG 语句中,按如下配置 azure.adls1.use_managed_service_identity

CREATE EXTERNAL CATALOG hive_catalog_azure
PROPERTIES
(
"type" = "hive",
"hive.metastore.uris" = "thrift://xx.xx.xx.xx:9083",
"azure.adls1.use_managed_service_identity" = "true"
);

文件外部表

CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE 语句中,按如下配置 azure.adls1.use_managed_service_identity 和文件路径 (path):

CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE external_table_azure
(
id varchar(65500),
attributes map<varchar(100), varchar(2000)>
)
ENGINE=FILE
PROPERTIES
(
"path" = "adl://<data_lake_storage_gen1_name>.azuredatalakestore.net/<path>/<file_name>",
"format" = "ORC",
"azure.adls1.use_managed_service_identity" = "true"
);

Broker Load

LOAD LABEL 语句中,按如下配置 azure.adls1.use_managed_service_identity 和文件路径 (DATA INFILE):

LOAD LABEL test_db.label000
(
DATA INFILE("adl://<data_lake_storage_gen1_name>.azuredatalakestore.net/<path>/<file_name>")
INTO TABLE target_table
FORMAT AS "parquet"
)
WITH BROKER
(
"azure.adls1.use_managed_service_identity" = "true"
);

基于 Service Principal 认证鉴权

External Catalog

CREATE EXTERNAL CATALOG 语句中,按如下配置 azure.adls1.oauth2_client_idazure.adls1.oauth2_credentialazure.adls1.oauth2_endpoint

CREATE EXTERNAL CATALOG hive_catalog_azure
PROPERTIES
(
"type" = "hive",
"hive.metastore.uris" = "thrift://xx.xx.xx.xx:9083",
"azure.adls1.oauth2_client_id" = "<application_client_id>",
"azure.adls1.oauth2_credential" = "<application_client_credential>",
"azure.adls1.oauth2_endpoint" = "<OAuth_2.0_authorization_endpoint_v2>"
);

文件外部表

CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE 语句中,按如下配置 azure.adls1.oauth2_client_idazure.adls1.oauth2_credentialazure.adls1.oauth2_endpoint 和文件路径 (path):

CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE external_table_azure
(
id varchar(65500),
attributes map<varchar(100), varchar(2000)>
)
ENGINE=FILE
PROPERTIES
(
"path" = "adl://<data_lake_storage_gen1_name>.azuredatalakestore.net/<path>/<file_name>",
"format" = "ORC",
"azure.adls1.oauth2_client_id" = "<application_client_id>",
"azure.adls1.oauth2_credential" = "<application_client_credential>",
"azure.adls1.oauth2_endpoint" = "<OAuth_2.0_authorization_endpoint_v2>"
);

Broker Load

LOAD LABEL 语句中,按如下配置 azure.adls1.oauth2_client_idazure.adls1.oauth2_credentialazure.adls1.oauth2_endpoint 和文件路径 (DATA INFILE):

LOAD LABEL test_db.label000
(
DATA INFILE("adl://<data_lake_storage_gen1_name>.azuredatalakestore.net/<path>/<file_name>")
INTO TABLE target_table
FORMAT AS "parquet"
)
WITH BROKER
(
"azure.adls1.oauth2_client_id" = "<application_client_id>",
"azure.adls1.oauth2_credential" = "<application_client_credential>",
"azure.adls1.oauth2_endpoint" = "<OAuth_2.0_authorization_endpoint_v2>"
);

Data Lake Storage Gen2

StarRocks 支持通过以下认证方式来访问 Data Lake Storage Gen2:

  • Managed Identity
  • Shared Key
  • Service Principal

说明

从 Data Lake Storage Gen2 导入数据或直接查询 Azure Data Lake Storage Gen2 中的数据文件时,需要使用 abfs 或 abfss 作为文件协议访问目标数据:

  • 如果您的存储账号支持通过 HTTP 协议进行访问,请使用 abfs 文件协议,文件路径格式为 abfs://<container>@<storage_account>.dfs.core.windows.net/<path>/<file_name>
  • 如果您的存储账号支持通过 HTTPS 协议进行访问,请使用 abfss 文件协议,文件路径格式为 abfss://<container>@<storage_account>.dfs.core.windows.net/<path>/<file_name>

基于 Managed Identity 认证鉴权

如果选择 Managed Identity 鉴权方式,您必须提前完成如下准备工作:

  • 根据认证要求,对 StarRocks 部署所在的 VM 进行编辑。
  • 在这些 VM 上添加 Managed Identity。
  • 确保添加的 Managed Identity 绑定了 Storage Blob Data Reader 角色(该角色拥有读取存储账号内数据的权限)。

External Catalog

CREATE EXTERNAL CATALOG 语句中,按如下配置 azure.adls2.oauth2_use_managed_identityazure.adls2.oauth2_tenant_idazure.adls2.oauth2_client_id

CREATE EXTERNAL CATALOG hive_catalog_azure
PROPERTIES
(
"type" = "hive",
"hive.metastore.uris" = "thrift://xx.xx.xx.xx:9083",
"azure.adls2.oauth2_use_managed_identity" = "true",
"azure.adls2.oauth2_tenant_id" = "<service_principal_tenant_id>",
"azure.adls2.oauth2_client_id" = "<service_client_id>"
);

文件外部表

CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE 语句中,按如下配置 azure.adls2.oauth2_use_managed_identityazure.adls2.oauth2_tenant_idazure.adls2.oauth2_client_id 和文件路径 (path):

CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE external_table_azure
(
id varchar(65500),
attributes map<varchar(100), varchar(2000)>
)
ENGINE=FILE
PROPERTIES
(
"path" = "abfs[s]://<container>@<storage_account>.dfs.core.windows.net/<path>/<file_name>",
"format" = "ORC",
"azure.adls2.oauth2_use_managed_identity" = "true",
"azure.adls2.oauth2_tenant_id" = "<service_principal_tenant_id>",
"azure.adls2.oauth2_client_id" = "<service_client_id>"
);

Broker Load

LOAD LABEL 语句中,按如下配置 azure.adls2.oauth2_use_managed_identityazure.adls2.oauth2_tenant_idazure.adls2.oauth2_client_id 和文件路径 (DATA INFILE):

LOAD LABEL test_db.label000
(
DATA INFILE("adfs[s]://<container>@<storage_account>.dfs.core.windows.net/<path>/<file_name>")
INTO TABLE target_table
FORMAT AS "parquet"
)
WITH BROKER
(
"azure.adls2.oauth2_use_managed_identity" = "true",
"azure.adls2.oauth2_tenant_id" = "<service_principal_tenant_id>",
"azure.adls2.oauth2_client_id" = "<service_client_id>"
);

基于 Shared Key 认证鉴权

External Catalog

CREATE EXTERNAL CATALOG 语句中,按如下配置 azure.adls2.storage_accountazure.adls2.shared_key

CREATE EXTERNAL CATALOG hive_catalog_azure
PROPERTIES
(
"type" = "hive",
"hive.metastore.uris" = "thrift://xx.xx.xx.xx:9083",
"azure.adls2.storage_account" = "<storage_account_name>",
"azure.adls2.shared_key" = "<shared_key>"
);

文件外部表

CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE 语句中,按如下配置 azure.adls2.storage_accountazure.adls2.shared_key 和文件路径 (path):

CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE external_table_azure
(
id varchar(65500),
attributes map<varchar(100), varchar(2000)>
)
ENGINE=FILE
PROPERTIES
(
"path" = "abfs[s]://<container>@<storage_account>.dfs.core.windows.net/<path>/<file_name>",
"format" = "ORC",
"azure.adls2.storage_account" = "<storage_account_name>",
"azure.adls2.shared_key" = "<shared_key>"
);

Broker Load

LOAD LABEL 语句中,按如下配置 azure.adls2.storage_accountazure.adls2.shared_key 和文件路径 (DATA INFILE):

LOAD LABEL test_db.label000
(
DATA INFILE("adfs[s]://<container>@<storage_account>.dfs.core.windows.net/<path>/<file_name>")
INTO TABLE target_table
FORMAT AS "parquet"
)
WITH BROKER
(
"azure.adls2.storage_account" = "<storage_account_name>",
"azure.adls2.shared_key" = "<shared_key>"
);

基于 Service Principal 认证鉴权

如果选择 Service Principal 认证方式,您需要提前创建一个 Service Principal,然后创建一个角色分配条件 (Role Assignment)、并把该角色分配条件添加到存储账号,这样可以确保您通过创建的 Service Principal 能够正常访问存储账号内的数据。

External Catalog

CREATE EXTERNAL CATALOG 语句中,按如下配置 azure.adls2.oauth2_client_idazure.adls2.oauth2_client_secretazure.adls2.oauth2_client_endpoint

CREATE EXTERNAL CATALOG hive_catalog_azure
PROPERTIES
(
"type" = "hive",
"hive.metastore.uris" = "thrift://xx.xx.xx.xx:9083",
"azure.adls2.oauth2_client_id" = "<service_client_id>",
"azure.adls2.oauth2_client_secret" = "<service_principal_client_secret>",
"azure.adls2.oauth2_client_endpoint" = "<service_principal_client_endpoint>"
);

文件外部表

CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE 语句中,按如下配置 azure.adls2.oauth2_client_idazure.adls2.oauth2_client_secretazure.adls2.oauth2_client_endpoint 和文件路径 (path):

CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE external_table_azure
(
id varchar(65500),
attributes map<varchar(100), varchar(2000)>
)
ENGINE=FILE
PROPERTIES
(
"path" = "abfs[s]://<container>@<storage_account>.dfs.core.windows.net/<path>/<file_name>",
"format" = "ORC",
"azure.adls2.oauth2_client_id" = "<service_client_id>",
"azure.adls2.oauth2_client_secret" = "<service_principal_client_secret>",
"azure.adls2.oauth2_client_endpoint" = "<service_principal_client_endpoint>"
);

Broker Load

LOAD LABEL 语句中,按如下配置 azure.adls2.oauth2_client_idazure.adls2.oauth2_client_secretazure.adls2.oauth2_client_endpoint 和文件路径 (DATA INFILE):

LOAD LABEL test_db.label000
(
DATA INFILE("adfs[s]://<container>@<storage_account>.dfs.core.windows.net/<path>/<file_name>")
INTO TABLE target_table
FORMAT AS "parquet"
)
WITH BROKER
(
"azure.adls2.oauth2_client_id" = "<service_client_id>",
"azure.adls2.oauth2_client_secret" = "<service_principal_client_secret>",
"azure.adls2.oauth2_client_endpoint" = "<service_principal_client_endpoint>"
);