# StarRocks Documentation > StarRocks is an open-source, high-performance OLAP database for real-time analytics at scale. It supports Standard SQL, materialized views, data lakes (Iceberg, Delta Lake, Hudi), stream ingestion (Kafka, Flink), and cloud-native deployment. This documentation covers SQL reference, table design, data loading, query acceleration, administration, and release notes. ## Administration - [Cluster Snapshot](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/administration/cluster_snapshot.md): How to create, restore, and manage cluster snapshots for backup and disaster recovery in StarRocks shared-data clusters. - [Cross-cluster Data Migration Tool](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/administration/data_migration_tool.md): The StarRocks Cross-cluster Data Migration Tool is provided by StarRocks Community. - [Data Recovery](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/administration/Data_recovery.md): Recover mistakenly deleted databases/tables/partitions. - [HTTP Interface](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/administration/http_interface.md): To facilitate the maintenance of StarRocks clusters, StarRocks provides various types of operation and query interfaces. - [Query detail API](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/administration/http_interface/query_detail.md): The query detail API returns recent query execution details that are cached in FE memory. - [Manage audit logs within StarRocks via AuditLoader](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/administration/management/audit_loader.md): StarRocks stores its audit logs in the local file fe/log/fe.audit.log rather than an internal database. - [Back up and restore data](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/administration/management/Backup_and_restore.md): StarRocks supports backing up data as snapshots into a remote storage system and restoring the data to any StarRocks clusters. - [Manage BE and CN Blacklist](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/administration/management/BE_blacklist.md): How to configure the BE and CN Blacklist in StarRocks to exclude problematic nodes from query execution. - [BE Configuration](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/administration/management/BE_configuration.md): StarRocks BE configuration reference: complete list of BE parameters configurable in be.conf or via SQL. - [BE Configuration - Logging, Server, and Metadata](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/administration/management/BE_parameters/log_server_meta.md): BE configuration parameters for logging, server settings, and metadata management. - [BE Configuration - Query and Loading](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/administration/management/BE_parameters/query_loading.md): BE configuration parameters for query execution and data loading. - [BE Configuration - Shared-data, Data Lake, and Others](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/administration/management/BE_parameters/shared_lake_other.md): BE configuration parameters for shared-data clusters, data lake integration, and miscellaneous settings. - [BE Configuration - Statistics and Storage](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/administration/management/BE_parameters/stats_storage.md): BE configuration parameters for statistics collection and storage engine settings. - [Compaction for Shared-data Clusters](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/administration/management/compaction.md): How to manage and monitor compaction for shared-data clusters in StarRocks. - [Enable FQDN access](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/administration/management/enable_fqdn.md): Before 2.4, StarRocks supports access to FEs and BEs via IP address only. - [Develop Static Extensions](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/administration/management/extensions.md): Static Extensions are StarRocks FE’s extension modules that allow you to add new features or optimize existing functionality without modifying the core code. - [FE Configuration](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/administration/management/FE_configuration.md): StarRocks FE configuration reference: complete list of FE parameters configurable in fe.conf or via ADMIN SET FRONTEND CONFIG. - [FE Configuration - Logging, Server, and Metadata](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/administration/management/FE_parameters/log_server_meta.md): FE configuration parameters for logging, server settings, and metadata management. - [FE Configuration - Shared-data, Data Lake, and Others](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/administration/management/FE_parameters/shared_lake_other.md): FE configuration parameters for shared-data clusters, data lake integration, and miscellaneous settings. - [FE Configuration - Statistics and Storage](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/administration/management/FE_parameters/stats_storage.md): FE configuration parameters for statistics collection and storage settings. - [FE Configuration - Authentication, Query, and Loading](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/administration/management/FE_parameters/user_query_loading.md): FE configuration parameters for authentication, query execution, and data loading. - [Graceful Exit](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/administration/management/graceful_exit.md): From v3.3 onwards, StarRocks supports Graceful Exit. - [logs](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/administration/management/logs.md): Overview of StarRocks logging: FE and BE log file types, content, configuration, log rolling and retention strategies for troubleshooting and performance... - [Monitor and manage big queries](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/administration/management/monitor_manage_big_queries.md): Big queries include queries that scan too many rows or occupy too many CPU and memory resources. - [Manage Alerts](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/administration/management/monitoring/alert.md): In the following examples, all variables are prefixed with $. - [Metrics a through c](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/administration/management/monitoring/metric_details/a-c.md): Alphabetical a - c - [Metrics d through h](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/administration/management/monitoring/metric_details/d-h.md): Alphabetical d - h - [Metrics i through p](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/administration/management/monitoring/metric_details/i-p.md): Alphabetical i - p - [Metrics q through r](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/administration/management/monitoring/metric_details/q-r.md): Alphabetical q - r - [Metrics s](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/administration/management/monitoring/metric_details/s.md): Alphabetical s - [Metrics t through z](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/administration/management/monitoring/metric_details/t-z.md): Alphabetical t - z - [General Monitoring Metrics](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/administration/management/monitoring/metrics.md): StarRocks metrics for monitoring - [Monitoring Metrics for Asynchronous Materialized Views](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/administration/management/monitoring/metrics-materialized_view.md): From v3.1 onwards, StarRocks supports metrics for asynchronous materialized views. - [Monitoring Metrics for Shared-data Clusters](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/administration/management/monitoring/metrics-shared-data.md): Monitoring metrics for StarRocks shared-data clusters, covering the Shared-data Dashboard and Starlet Dashboard templates. - [Monitor and Alert with Prometheus and Grafana](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/administration/management/monitoring/Monitor_and_Alert.md): StarRocks provides a monitor and alert solution by using Prometheus and Grafana. - [Process Profile (Proc Profile)](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/administration/management/proc_profile.md): Collects and visualizes CPU and memory flame graph profiles for StarRocks FE and BE processes to diagnose performance bottlenecks. - [Add labels on BEs](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/administration/management/resource_management/be_label.md): Since v3.2.8, StarRocks supports adding labels on BEs. When creating a table or an asynchronous materialized view, you can specify the label of a certain... - [Blacklist Management](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/administration/management/resource_management/Blacklist.md): In some cases, administrators need to disable certain patterns of SQL to avoid SQL from triggering cluster crashes or unexpected high concurrent queries. - [File manager](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/administration/management/resource_management/filemanager.md): With file manager, you can create, view, and delete files, such as the files that are used to access external data sources: public key files, private key... - [Load Balancing](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/administration/management/resource_management/Load_balance.md): When deploying multiple FE nodes, users can deploy a load balancing layer on top of the FEs to achieve high availability. - [Memory Management](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/administration/management/resource_management/Memory_management.md): Overview of memory classification and memory management strategies in StarRocks. - [Query Management](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/administration/management/resource_management/Query_management.md): Configure per-user query properties in StarRocks: connection limits, query timeouts, and resource allocation using ALTER USER SET PROPERTIES. - [Query queues](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/administration/management/resource_management/query_queues.md): From v2.5, StarRocks supports query queues. - [Manage replica](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/administration/management/resource_management/Replica.md): Manage data replicas in your StarRocks cluster. - [Resource group](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/administration/management/resource_management/resource_group.md): How to use resource groups in StarRocks to isolate resources and run multiple workloads concurrently in a single cluster. - [Spill to disk](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/administration/management/resource_management/spill_to_disk.md): How to configure StarRocks to spill intermediate query results to disk or object storage to prevent out-of-memory errors. - [Scale in and out](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/administration/management/Scale_up_down.md): How to add or remove nodes to scale a StarRocks cluster up or down. - [Configure a time zone](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/administration/management/timezone.md): How to configure time zone settings in StarRocks and understand their effects on data storage and queries. - [Metadata Recovery](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/administration/Meta_recovery.md): Recover StarRocks cluster metadata when FE nodes fail to restart, fail to serve requests, or need metadata restored from backup. - [SQL Digest](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/administration/sql_digest.md): How to use SQL Digest in StarRocks to fingerprint and group SQL queries with the same structure for analysis. - [Deploy and Manage StarRocks with StarGo](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/administration/stargo.md): StarGo is a command line tool for multiple StarRocks clusters management. - [JSON Web Token Authentication](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/administration/user_privs/authentication/jwt_authentication.md): From v3.5.0 onwards, StarRocks supports authenticating client access using JSON Web Tokens. - [LDAP Authentication](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/administration/user_privs/authentication/ldap_authentication.md): In addition to native password-based authentication, StarRocks also supports the LDAP authentication. - [Native Authentication](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/administration/user_privs/authentication/native_authentication.md): Create and manage users using the native authentication within StarRocks through SQL commands. - [OAuth 2.0 Authentication](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/administration/user_privs/authentication/oauth2_authentication.md): From v3.5.0 onwards, StarRocks supports authenticating client access using OAuth 2.0. - [Authenticate with Security Integration](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/administration/user_privs/authentication/security_integration.md): Integrate StarRocks with external authentication systems using security integration. - [Built-in Roles supported by StarRocks](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/administration/user_privs/authorization/built_in_roles.md): Reference for the five built-in StarRocks roles: db_admin, cluster_admin, user_admin, security_admin, and public. - [Privilege FAQ](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/administration/user_privs/authorization/privilege_faq.md): FAQ for common StarRocks privilege and authorization questions, including role activation issues. - [Privileges supported by StarRocks](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/administration/user_privs/authorization/privilege_item.md): Privileges granted to a user or role determine which operations the user or role can perform on certain objects. - [Manage permissions with Apache Ranger](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/administration/user_privs/authorization/ranger_plugin.md): How to manage StarRocks access permissions with Apache Ranger for centralized, fine-grained access control. - [Manage user privileges](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/administration/user_privs/authorization/User_privilege.md): How to manage user privileges in StarRocks using role-based access control (RBAC) and identity-based access control (IBAC). - [Overview of privileges](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/administration/user_privs/authorization/user_privs.md): Overview of StarRocks privilege system, covering role-based access control (RBAC) and identity-based access control (IBAC) models. - [Authenticate User Groups](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/administration/user_privs/group_provider.md): Enable Group Provider in StarRocks to authenticate, and authorize user groups from external authentication systems. - [SSL Authentication](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/administration/user_privs/ssl_authentication.md): From v3.4.1 onwards, StarRocks supports secure connections encrypted by SSL. ## Benchmarking - [SSB Flat-table Benchmarking](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/benchmarking/SSB_Benchmarking.md): SSB flat-table benchmark on 100 GB dataset: StarRocks is 1.87x faster than ClickHouse and 4.75x faster than Apache Druid across 13 queries. - [TPC-DS test SQL](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/benchmarking/tpc_ds_99_sql.md): Complete SQL text for all 99 TPC-DS benchmark queries used in StarRocks performance testing. - [TPC-DS Benchmarking](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/benchmarking/TPC_DS_Benchmark.md): TPC-DS benchmark on 1 TB dataset: StarRocks is 8.13x faster than Trino on OLAP tables and 6.93x faster on Iceberg Catalog queries (99 queries). - [TPC-H Benchmark](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/benchmarking/TPC-H_Benchmarking.md): TPC-H benchmark on 100 GB dataset: StarRocks native storage is 8.9x faster than Trino; StarRocks Hive external tables are 2x faster than Trino (22 queries). ## Best_practices - [Audit Log-based Resource Group Configuration](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/best_practices/audit_log_resource_group.md): How to use StarRocks audit logs to analyze query patterns and configure resource groups for workload isolation. - [Authentication and Authorization](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/best_practices/authentication_authorization.md): For detailed instructions on each operation involved below, see links in See Also. - [Bucketing](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/best_practices/bucketing.md): A concise field guide to choosing between Hash Bucketing and Random Bucketing in StarRocks, including their mechanics, trade‑offs, and recommended use cases. - [FE / Coordinator Node memory full issue troubleshooting](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/best_practices/fe_memory_troubleshooting.md): Prevent 'FE memory full' issues, quickly recover, and find out the cause as much as possible to prevent recurrence. - [Best Practices](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/best_practices/overview.md): These best practices are written by experienced database engineers. - [Partitioning](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/best_practices/partitioning.md): Fast analytics in StarRocks begin with a table layout that matches your query patterns. - [Primary Key tables](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/best_practices/primarykey_table.md): The Primary Key table uses a new storage engine designed by StarRocks. - [Query Hint](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/best_practices/query_tuning/query_hint.md): Query hints are directives or comments that explicitly suggest the query optimizer on how to execute a query. - [Introduction to Query Tuning](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/best_practices/query_tuning/query_plan_intro.md): Query tuning is essential for achieving high performance and reliability in StarRocks. - [Query plan](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/best_practices/query_tuning/query_planning.md): Optimizing query performance is a common challenge in analytics systems. - [Query Profile Metrics](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/best_practices/query_tuning/query_profile_operator_metrics.md): Reference for all raw metrics emitted by StarRocks Query Profile, organized by operator type. - [Query Profile Overview](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/best_practices/query_tuning/query_profile_overview.md): Query Profile records execution information for all working nodes involved in a query, helping you quickly identify bottlenecks affecting query performance. - [Explain Analyze](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/best_practices/query_tuning/query_profile_text_based_analysis.md): How to obtain and analyze text-based Query Profiles in StarRocks to diagnose slow query execution. - [Query Tuning Recipes](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/best_practices/query_tuning/query_profile_tuning_recipes.md): Query tuning recipes for StarRocks: symptom-to-fix playbook using query profiles to diagnose slow operators, skew, spill, and join issues. - [Schema Tuning Recipes](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/best_practices/query_tuning/schema_tuning.md): Best practices for optimizing StarRocks query performance through schema design and table type selection. - [Table clustering](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/best_practices/table_clustering.md): A thoughtful sort‑key is the highest‑leverage physical‑design knob in StarRocks. ## Data_source - [Block cache warmup](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/data_source/block_cache_warmup.md): How to use Block Cache Warmup in StarRocks to proactively load remote storage data into local cache before queries. - [Overview](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/data_source/catalog/catalog_overview.md): StarRocks supports the catalog feature from v2.3 onwards. - [Default catalog](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/data_source/catalog/default_catalog.md): StarRocks 2.3 and later provide an internal catalog to manage the internal data of StarRocks. - [Delta Lake catalog](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/data_source/catalog/deltalake_catalog.md): Query data directly from Delta Lake - [Elasticsearch catalog](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/data_source/catalog/elasticsearch_catalog.md): StarRocks supports Elasticsearch catalogs from v3.1 onwards. - [Hive catalog](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/data_source/catalog/hive_catalog.md): A Hive catalog is a kind of external catalog that is supported by StarRocks from v2.4 onwards. - [Hudi catalog](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/data_source/catalog/hudi_catalog.md): A Hudi catalog is a kind of external catalog that enables you to query data from Apache Hudi without ingestion. - [Iceberg DDL operations](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/data_source/catalog/iceberg/DDL.md): StarRocks Iceberg Catalog supports a variety of Data Definition Language (DDL) operations, including creating and managing databases, tables, and views. - [Iceberg DML operations](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/data_source/catalog/iceberg/DML.md): StarRocks Iceberg Catalog supports a variety of Data Manipulation Language (DML) operations, including inserting data into Iceberg tables. - [Iceberg catalog](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/data_source/catalog/iceberg/iceberg_catalog.md): An Iceberg catalog is a type of external catalog that is supported by StarRocks from v2.4 onwards. - [Iceberg Metadata Tables](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/data_source/catalog/iceberg/iceberg_meta_table.md): How to inspect Iceberg table metadata in StarRocks using metadata tables for snapshots, manifests, and file history. - [Create Iceberg REST Catalog for AWS S3 Tables](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/data_source/catalog/iceberg/iceberg_rest_s3.md): How to create an Iceberg REST Catalog in StarRocks for accessing AWS S3 tables through the AWS Glue REST endpoint. - [Security Setup for Iceberg REST Catalog](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/data_source/catalog/iceberg/iceberg_rest_security.md): How to secure Iceberg REST Catalog access in StarRocks using JWT authentication and Vended Credentials. - [Time Travel with Iceberg Catalog](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/data_source/catalog/iceberg/iceberg_timetravel.md): How to query historical Iceberg table snapshots in StarRocks using time travel with the AS OF clause. - [Iceberg Procedures](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/data_source/catalog/iceberg/procedures.md): Iceberg catalog procedures in StarRocks for snapshot management, branch management, data maintenance, and metadata operations. - [JDBC catalog](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/data_source/catalog/jdbc_catalog.md): StarRocks supports JDBC catalogs from v3.0 onwards. - [Kudu catalog](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/data_source/catalog/kudu_catalog.md): StarRocks supports Kudu catalogs from v3.3 onwards. - [MaxCompute catalog](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/data_source/catalog/maxcompute_catalog.md): StarRocks supports Alibaba Cloud MaxCompute (previously known as ODPS) catalogs from v3.3 onwards. - [Paimon catalog](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/data_source/catalog/paimon_catalog.md): StarRocks supports Paimon catalogs from v3.1 onwards. - [Query external data](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/data_source/catalog/query_external_data.md): How to query data from external sources in StarRocks using external catalogs. - [Unified catalog](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/data_source/catalog/unified_catalog.md): A unified catalog in StarRocks handles tables from Hive, Iceberg, Hudi, Delta Lake, and Kudu in a single catalog. - [Data Cache](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/data_source/data_cache.md): Understand the core principles of Data Cache and how to accelerate data queries with Data Cache. - [Data Cache observability](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/data_source/data_cache_observe.md): How to monitor Data Cache performance, usage, and health in StarRocks using built-in observability metrics. - [Data Cache FAQ](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/data_source/data_cache_troubleshooting.md): FAQ and troubleshooting guide for common Data Cache issues in StarRocks, including cache miss and performance problems. - [Data Lakehouse](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/data_source/data_lakes.md): Key ideas - [Data lake FAQ](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/data_source/datalake_faq.md): FAQ for common data lake analytics issues in StarRocks, including catalog setup and query problems. - [External table](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/data_source/External_table.md): The External Table feature is no longer recommended except for certain corner usage cases, and might be deprecated in future releases. - [Feature Support: Data Lake Analytics](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/data_source/feature-support-data-lake-analytics.md): From v2.3 onwards, StarRocks supports managing external data sources and analyzing data in data lakes via external catalogs. - [File external table](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/data_source/file_external_table.md): File external table is a special type of external table. - [Iceberg Lakehouse tutorial](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/data_source/icebergtutorial.md): Iceberg lakehouse in Docker ## Deployment - [Deploy Shared-nothing StarRocks Manually](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/deployment/deploy_manually.md): How to manually deploy a shared-nothing StarRocks cluster where BE nodes handle both storage and computing. - [Deploy Shared-data StarRocks Manually](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/deployment/deploy_shared_data_manually.md): How to manually deploy a shared-data StarRocks cluster with decoupled storage and computing. - [Deployment Overview](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/deployment/deployment_overview.md): Overview of the procedures to deploy, upgrade, and downgrade a StarRocks cluster in production. - [Deployment Prerequisites](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/deployment/deployment_prerequisites.md): Hardware and software requirements for servers before deploying StarRocks. - [Downgrade StarRocks](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/deployment/downgrade.md): If an exception occurs after you upgrade a StarRocks cluster, you can downgrade it to the earlier version to quickly recover the cluster. - [Check environment configurations](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/deployment/environment_configurations.md): Environment and system configuration checklist to complete before deploying StarRocks. - [Feature Support: Shared-data Clusters](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/deployment/feature-support-shared-data.md): Each of the features below lists the version number that they were added in. - [Deploy StarRocks with Helm](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/deployment/helm.md): Helm is a package manager for Kubernetes. - [Plan StarRocks Cluster](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/deployment/plan_cluster.md): How to plan node count, CPU, memory, and storage for a StarRocks cluster in production. - [Post-deployment setup](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/deployment/post_deployment_setup.md): Before getting your new StarRocks cluster into production, you must secure the initial account and set the necessary variables and properties to allow your... - [Prepare deployment files](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/deployment/prepare_deployment_files.md): How to prepare StarRocks deployment files for x86 or ARM-based CPU deployments. - [StarRocks Kubernetes Operator](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/deployment/sr_operator.md): Automate deployment and management of a StarRocks cluster on a Kubernetes cluster with the StarRocks Kubernetes Operator. - [Upgrade StarRocks](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/deployment/upgrade.md): How to upgrade a StarRocks cluster to a newer version. ## Developers - [Compile StarRocks with Docker](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/developers/build-starrocks/Build_in_docker.md): How to compile StarRocks from source using a Docker development image. - [Compile StarRocks on Ubuntu](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/developers/build-starrocks/build_starrocks_on_ubuntu.md): How to compile StarRocks from source on Ubuntu. - [How to build StarRocks](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/developers/build-starrocks/handbook.md): In general, you can build StarRocks by just executing - [Protobuf Guides](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/developers/code-style-guides/protobuf-guides.md): As the project involving, any fields may become optional. - [StarRocks Restful API Standard](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/developers/code-style-guides/restful-api-standard.md): StarRocks REST API design standard covering URL format, HTTP method semantics, request/response conventions, and error handling. - [Thrift Guides](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/developers/code-style-guides/thrift-guides.md): As the project involving, any fields may become optional. - [Use the debuginfo file for debugging](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/developers/debuginfo.md): From v2.5 onwards, the debuginfo file of BE is stripped from the StarRocks installation package to reduce the size and space usage of the installation package. - [Setup development environment with Docker](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/developers/development-environment/dev-env-setup.md): Docker-based development environment setup for building StarRocks using the official starrocks/dev-env-ubuntu image with pre-installed toolchains. - [Setup IDE for developing StarRocks](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/developers/development-environment/ide-setup.md): Some people want to become StarRocks contributor, but are troubled by the development environment, so here I write a tutorial about it. - [Setup StarRocks FE development environment on IDEA](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/developers/development-environment/IDEA.md): How to set up the StarRocks FE development environment in IntelliJ IDEA on macOS Apple Silicon. - [Contribute to StarRocks](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/developers/How_to_Contribute.md): Contributing to StarRocks is cordially welcome from everyone. - [Jemalloc Heap Profiling](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/developers/jemalloc_heap_profile.md): How to enable and visualize Jemalloc Heap Profiling for StarRocks BE nodes to diagnose memory usage issues. - [Query Trace Profile](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/developers/trace-tools/query_trace_profile.md): How to collect and analyze query trace profiles in StarRocks to diagnose query execution. - [Trace](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/developers/trace-tools/Trace.md): How to use StarRocks trace tools to collect and analyze distributed query execution traces for debugging and performance investigation. - [Version Release Guide](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/developers/versions.md): Version naming is detailed in the versioning documentation. ## Faq - [Datalake FAQ](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/faq/datalake.md) - [Deployment](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/faq/Deploy_faq.md): FAQ for common StarRocks deployment questions. - [query_dump interface](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/faq/Dump_query.md): How to use the query_dump interface in StarRocks to capture SQL query details for troubleshooting. - [Data Export](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/faq/Exporting_faq.md): StarRocks supports backing up data to alicloud OSS / AWS S3 (or object storage compatible with S3 protocol). - [Troubleshooting FE Heap Memory](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/faq/fe_mem_faq.md): How to diagnose and troubleshoot FE heap memory issues in StarRocks. - [Broker Load](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/faq/loading/Broker_load_faq.md): Broker Load does not support re-running load jobs that have been run successfully and are in the FINISHED state. - [DataX](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/faq/loading/DataX_faq.md): Currently, only insert is supported. - [Flink Connector](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/faq/loading/Flink_connector_faq.md): Frequently asked questions about the StarRocks Flink connector, including timezone handling and sink configuration issues. - [Insert Into](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/faq/loading/Insert_into_faq.md): It is not recommended to insert data piece by piece to OLAP. - [Data loading common questions](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/faq/loading/Loading_faq.md): You were running load jobs too frequently, and the data was not compacted in a timely manner. - [Routine Load](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/faq/loading/Routine_load_faq.md): Frequently asked questions about Routine Load, including how to improve loading performance and troubleshoot common issues. - [Stream Load](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/faq/loading/Stream_load_faq.md): Stream Load does not support identifying column names held in the first few rows of a CSV-formatted file. - [Synchronize data from MySQL in real time](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/faq/loading/synchronize_mysql_into_sr.md): FAQ for synchronizing MySQL data into StarRocks in real time using Flink CDC, including troubleshooting common errors. - [Operation and Maintenance](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/faq/operation_maintenance_faq.md): FAQ for common StarRocks operation and maintenance questions. - [Other FAQ](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/faq/Others.md): General FAQ for miscellaneous StarRocks questions. - [Troubleshooting Resource Isolation](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/faq/resource_isolation_faq.md): FAQ for common StarRocks resource isolation questions. - [Shared-data](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/faq/shared_data_faq.md): FAQ for common StarRocks shared-data cluster questions. - [SQL query](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/faq/Sql_faq.md): FAQ for common StarRocks SQL questions. - [FAQ: Hadoop 3.4.3 Wildfly Native SSL Library Issue in StarRocks](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/faq/starrocks-wildfly-native-ssl-fix.md): How to resolve the Wildfly OpenSSL compatibility issue introduced by the Hadoop 3.4.3 upgrade in StarRocks. - [table_design_faq](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/faq/table_design_faq.md): Frequently asked questions about StarRocks table design: troubleshooting table creation, schema changes, partitioning, bucketing, and index configuration. ## Flink_connector - [Releases of StarRocks Connector for Flink](https://docs.starrocks.io/releasenotes/flink_connector.md): Release notes and changelog for the StarRocks Connector for Apache Flink. ## Integrations - [Apache Airflow](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/integrations/airflow.md): How to orchestrate and schedule StarRocks data workflows using Apache Airflow DAGs, SQLExecuteQueryOperator, and MySQLHook. - [Authenticate to AWS resources](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/integrations/authenticate_to_aws_resources.md): How to configure StarRocks to authenticate with AWS for accessing S3 and other AWS resources. - [Authenticate to Microsoft Azure Storage](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/integrations/authenticate_to_azure_storage.md): How to configure StarRocks to authenticate with Azure Blob Storage and Azure Data Lake Storage. - [Authenticate to Google Cloud Storage](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/integrations/authenticate_to_gcs.md): How to configure StarRocks to authenticate with Google Cloud Storage (GCS). - [StarRocks Spark Connector](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/integrations/batch/Spark-connector-starrocks.md): Load using Spark DataFrames or Spark SQL - [Apache Spark Load](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/integrations/batch/SparkLoad.md): Load data in bulk using Spark Load - [FineBI](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/integrations/BI_integrations/FineBI.md): How to connect FineBI to StarRocks for visualized data analysis. - [Hex](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/integrations/BI_integrations/Hex.md): Hex supports querying and visualizing both internal data and external data in StarRocks. - [Metabase](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/integrations/BI_integrations/Metabase.md): Metabase supports querying and visualizing both internal data and external data in StarRocks. - [Querybook](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/integrations/BI_integrations/Querybook.md): Querybook supports querying and visualizing both internal data and external data in StarRocks. - [QuickBI](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/integrations/BI_integrations/QuickBI.md): How to connect QuickBI to StarRocks for visualized data analysis. - [Rill](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/integrations/BI_integrations/Rill.md): Rill supports connecting to StarRocks as an OLAP connector to power Rill dashboards with external tables. - [Apache Superset](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/integrations/BI_integrations/Superset.md): Apache Superset supports querying and visualizing both internal data and external data in StarRocks. - [Tableau](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/integrations/BI_integrations/Tableau_Desktop.md): How to connect StarRocks to Tableau Desktop and Tableau Server using the StarRocks Tableau JDBC Connector. - [Data Lakehouse](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/integrations/data_lakes.md): Key ideas - [dbt](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/integrations/dbt.md): How to use dbt-starrocks to transform data in StarRocks using dbt modeling patterns and best practices. - [DataGrip](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/integrations/IDE_integrations/DataGrip.md): DataGrip supports querying both internal data and external data in StarRocks. - [Dataphin](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/integrations/IDE_integrations/Dataphin.md): Dataphin is a cloud-based output of the internal practices of Alibaba Group's OneData data governance methodology. - [DBeaver](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/integrations/IDE_integrations/DBeaver.md): DBeaver is a SQL client software application and a database administration tool, which offers a helpful assistant that walks you through the process of... - [Jupyter](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/integrations/IDE_integrations/jupysql.md): Jupyter notebooks with StarRocks - [Marimo](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/integrations/IDE_integrations/marimo.md): How to integrate StarRocks with Marimo, a reactive Python notebook for reproducible and interactive data analysis. - [StarRocks JDBC Driver](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/integrations/JDBC_driver.md): StarRocks provides a native JDBC driver that enables direct connectivity from any JDBC-compatible client, IDE, or application. - [BladePipe](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/integrations/loading_tools/CloudCanal.md): How to use BladePipe to replicate data in real time from databases and message queues into StarRocks. - [DataX writer](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/integrations/loading_tools/DataX-starrocks-writer.md): The StarRocksWriter plugin allows writing data to StarRocks' destination table. - [loading_tools_integration](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/integrations/loading_tools/loading_tools_integration.md) - [StarRocks Migration Tool (SMT)](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/integrations/loading_tools/SMT.md): StarRocks Migration Tool (SMT) is a data migration tool provided by StarRocks to load data from source databases through Flink into StarRocks. - [Monitor with Datadog](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/integrations/other_integrations/datadog_support.md): How to integrate StarRocks with Datadog for cluster monitoring. - [Schema Management and Migration with SQLAlchemy and Alembic](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/integrations/smt/starrocks_sqlalchemy.md): How to manage StarRocks schemas using SQLAlchemy, Alembic, and sqlacodegen for schema migration. - [Apache Flink](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/integrations/streaming/flink.md): Continuously load data from Apache Flink - [Kafka connector for StarRocks](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/integrations/streaming/kafka/Kafka-connector-starrocks.md): Continuous streaming from Kafka - [Routine Load](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/integrations/streaming/kafka/RoutineLoad.md): Load CSV, JSON, or Avro format from a Kafka topic - [Stream with StarRocks Pipe](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/integrations/streaming/pipe.md): Advantages of Pipe - [HDFS Load](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/integrations/streaming/pipe/hdfs.md): Pipe example using loading from HDFS - [S3 Load](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/integrations/streaming/pipe/s3.md): Pipe example loading from S3 - [Sink data from RisingWave to StarRocks](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/integrations/streaming/rising_wave.md): RisingWave is a distributed SQL streaming database that enables simple, efficient, and reliable processing of streaming data. - [Superset Support](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/integrations/superset_support.md): How to connect Apache Superset to StarRocks for data exploration and visualization. ## Introduction - [Architecture](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/introduction/Architecture.md): StarRocks has a simple architecture. - [Feature Differences between Shared-nothing and Shared-data Clusters](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/introduction/feature_difference.md): Comparison of features supported in StarRocks shared-nothing versus shared-data cluster deployments. - [Database Features](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/introduction/Features.md): StarRocks offers a rich set of features to deliver a blazing-fast, real-time analytics experience on data at scale. - [Beta and experimental features](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/introduction/maturity.md): Explains StarRocks feature maturity levels: Experimental, Beta, Generally Available (GA), Deprecated, and End-of-Life, and what each means for production use. - [StarRocks](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/introduction/StarRocks_intro.md): StarRocks is a next-gen, high-performance analytical data warehouse that enables real-time, multi-dimensional, and highly concurrent data analysis. - [Version naming](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/introduction/versioning.md): StarRocks version naming conventions: MAJOR.MINOR.PATCH format, prerelease designations, and how to interpret version numbers. - [What is StarRocks?](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/introduction/what_is_starrocks.md): StarRocks is a next-generation, blazing-fast massively parallel processing (MPP) database designed to make real-time analytics easy for enterprises. ## Kafka_connector - [Releases of StarRocks Connector for Kafka](https://docs.starrocks.io/releasenotes/kafka_connector.md): Release notes and changelog for the StarRocks Connector for Apache Kafka. ## Loading - [alibaba](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/loading/alibaba.md) - [AutoMQ Kafka](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/loading/automq-routine-load.md): How to load data into StarRocks from AutoMQ Kafka using Routine Load. - [Load data from Microsoft Azure Storage](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/loading/azure.md): How to load data from Microsoft Azure Storage into StarRocks using INSERT+FILES(), Broker Load, or Spark Load, with Shared Key and SAS token authentication. - [Load data from HDFS or cloud storage](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/loading/BrokerLoad.md): How to use Broker Load for asynchronous bulk data loading from HDFS or cloud storage (S3, GCS, Azure) into StarRocks, with job management and error handling. - [Transform data at loading](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/loading/Etl_in_loading.md): How to transform data during loading in StarRocks: column mapping, filter conditions, and derived column expressions for Stream Load, Broker Load, and... - [Realtime synchronization from MySQL](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/loading/Flink_cdc_load.md): How to use Flink CDC to capture MySQL change data in real time and synchronize it into StarRocks tables using the StarRocks Flink connector. - [Continuously load data from Apache Flink®](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/loading/Flink-connector-starrocks.md): How to use the StarRocks Flink connector to continuously load data from Apache Flink into StarRocks, supporting DataStream API, Table API & SQL, and Python API. - [Load data from GCS](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/loading/gcs.md): How to load data from Google Cloud Storage (GCS) into StarRocks using INSERT+FILES(), Broker Load, or Spark Load. - [Load data from HDFS](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/loading/hdfs_load.md): How to load data from HDFS into StarRocks using INSERT+FILES(), Broker Load, or Spark Load. - [huawei](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/loading/huawei.md) - [Load data using INSERT](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/loading/InsertInto.md): How to load data into StarRocks using INSERT statements: INSERT VALUES, INSERT INTO SELECT, INSERT OVERWRITE, Dynamic Overwrite, and loading from files... - [Introduction](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/loading/Json_loading.md): How to load JSON data into StarRocks using Stream Load or Routine Load, with JSON path expressions for field mapping and nested object handling. - [Load data using Kafka connector](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/loading/Kafka-connector-starrocks.md): How to use the StarRocks Kafka connector (Kafka Connect sink) to continuously load data from Apache Kafka topics into StarRocks with at-least-once semantics. - [Strict mode](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/loading/load_concept/strict_mode.md): How strict mode affects data loading in StarRocks: what it controls, how to enable it, and when to use it to reject rows with invalid column type conversions. - [Continuously load data from Apache® Pulsar™](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/loading/load_from_pulsar.md): How to use Routine Load to continuously load data from Apache Pulsar topics into StarRocks, with CSV and JSON format support. - [Change data through loading](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/loading/Load_to_Primary_Key_tables.md): How to perform INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, partial update, and conditional update on Primary Key tables in StarRocks using Stream Load, Broker Load, or Routine... - [Load data from TEMPLATE](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/loading/Loading_data_template.md): Template instructions - [Loading options](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/loading/Loading_intro.md): Overview of StarRocks data loading options: Stream Load, Broker Load, Routine Load, INSERT, Spark Load, and Pipe, with guidance on choosing the right method. - [Feature Support: Data Loading and Unloading](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/loading/loading_introduction/feature-support-loading-and-unloading.md): Reference for file format, data source, and feature support across StarRocks data loading and unloading methods. - [Loading concepts](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/loading/loading_introduction/loading_concepts.md): Key concepts for data loading in StarRocks: privileges, labels, atomicity, data type conversion, column mapping, and error tolerance (max_filter_ratio). - [Considerations](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/loading/loading_introduction/loading_considerations.md): System limits and configuration considerations for data loading in StarRocks: memory limits, task concurrency, timeout settings, and performance tuning. - [Troubleshooting Data Loading](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/loading/loading_introduction/troubleshooting_loading.md): How to monitor data load job status via SQL interfaces, identify performance bottlenecks, and troubleshoot anomalies in StarRocks data loading operations. - [Load data using tools](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/loading/loading_tools.md): Overview of third-party tools for loading data into StarRocks: SMT, DataX, DBT, CloudCanal, and other ecosystem integrations. - [Load data from MinIO](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/loading/minio.md): How to load data from MinIO into StarRocks using INSERT+FILES(), Broker Load, or Spark Load. - [Load data using Routine Load](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/loading/RoutineLoad.md): How to create and manage Routine Load jobs in StarRocks to continuously stream data from Apache Kafka topics into StarRocks tables. - [Load data from AWS S3](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/loading/s3.md): How to load data from AWS S3 into StarRocks using INSERT+FILES(), Broker Load, Spark Load, or Pipe, with IAM and instance profile authentication options. - [s3_compatible](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/loading/s3_compatible.md) - [Load data using Spark connector (recommended)](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/loading/Spark-connector-starrocks.md): How to use the StarRocks Spark connector to load data from Apache Spark (DataFrames or SQL) into StarRocks via Stream Load, supporting batch and structured... - [Load data in bulk using Spark Load](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/loading/SparkLoad.md): How to use Spark Load for bulk data import into StarRocks using external Spark resources for pre-processing, suited for TB-scale initial data migration. - [SQL Transaction](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/loading/SQL_transaction.md): How to use SQL transactions in StarRocks to commit multiple DML statements (INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE) atomically with ACID guarantees across multiple tables. - [Load data using Stream Load transaction interface](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/loading/Stream_Load_transaction_interface.md): How to use the Stream Load transaction interface (two-phase commit) in StarRocks for highly concurrent stream loads from Flink or Kafka with multi-table... - [Load data from a local file system](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/loading/StreamLoad.md): How to load data from a local file system into StarRocks using Stream Load or the curl command, supporting CSV, JSON, Parquet, and ORC formats. - [tencent](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/loading/tencent.md) ## Project_help - [Community Chat (via Slack)](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/project_help/slack.md): How to join the StarRocks community chat on Slack. ## Quick_start - [Quick Start](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/quick_start.md): Deploy StarRocks with Docker Compose, Helm, and StarRocks Operator - [StarRocks with Helm](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/quick_start/helm.md): Quick start guide for deploying StarRocks on Kubernetes using Helm. - [Apache Hudi Lakehouse](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/quick_start/hudi.md): Quick start guide for querying Apache Hudi data lakes with StarRocks. - [Apache Iceberg Lakehouse](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/quick_start/iceberg.md): Quick start guide for querying Apache Iceberg data lakes with StarRocks. - [Kafka routine load StarRocks using shared-data storage](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/quick_start/routine-load.md): Quick start guide for streaming data from Kafka into StarRocks using Routine Load with shared-data storage. - [Separate storage and compute](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/quick_start/shared-data.md): Quick start guide for deploying StarRocks in shared-data mode with separate compute and storage. - [Deploy StarRocks with Docker](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/quick_start/shared-nothing.md): StarRocks in Docker: Query real data with JOINs ## Release 2.5 - [StarRocks version 2.5](https://docs.starrocks.io/releasenotes/release-2.5.md): StarRocks 2.5 release notes: Delta Lake catalog, Data Cache for external storage, Query Cache, query queues, resource groups for data loading, STRUCT/MAP... ## Release 3.0 - [StarRocks version 3.0](https://docs.starrocks.io/releasenotes/release-3.0.md): StarRocks 3.0 release notes: new aggregate functions (percentile_disc), GROUP BY compatibility improvements, and storage engine and query engine updates. ## Release 3.1 - [StarRocks version 3.1](https://docs.starrocks.io/releasenotes/release-3.1.md): StarRocks 3.1 release notes: bug fixes and improvements to shared-data architecture, asynchronous materialized views, and cross-cluster data migration tool. ## Release 3.2 - [StarRocks version 3.2](https://docs.starrocks.io/releasenotes/release-3.2.md): StarRocks 3.2 release notes: Unified Catalog for Hive/Iceberg/Hudi/Delta Lake, Hive managed table creation, Primary Key index persistence on disk in... ## Release 3.3 - [StarRocks version 3.3](https://docs.starrocks.io/releasenotes/release-3.3.md): StarRocks 3.3 release notes: sub-second DDL via Fast Schema Evolution in shared-data, StarRocks Data Migration Tool, CACHE SELECT for data lake warmup,... ## Release 3.4 - [StarRocks version 3.4](https://docs.starrocks.io/releasenotes/release-3.4.md): StarRocks 3.4 release notes: Iceberg Time Travel, Python UDFs, vector indexes (IVFPQ/HNSW) for approximate nearest neighbor search, unified expression... ## Release 3.5 - [StarRocks version 3.5](https://docs.starrocks.io/releasenotes/release-3.5.md): StarRocks 3.5 release notes: Iceberg view creation, OAuth 2.0 and JWT authentication with Security Integration, multi-partition-column materialized views,... ## Release 4.0 - [StarRocks version 4.0](https://docs.starrocks.io/releasenotes/release-4.0.md): StarRocks 4.0 release notes: DECIMAL256 type, File Bundling for shared-data clusters, Multi-Table Write-Write Transactions, Iceberg compaction and hidden... ## Release 4.1 - [StarRocks version 4.1](https://docs.starrocks.io/releasenotes/release-4.1.md): StarRocks 4.1 release notes: multi-tenant range-based tablet auto-splitting, large-capacity tablet support (100 GB target), Fast Schema Evolution V2 for... ## Search - [Search the documentation](https://docs.starrocks.io/search.md) ## Spark_connector - [Releases of StarRocks Connector for Spark](https://docs.starrocks.io/releasenotes/spark_connector.md): Release notes and changelog for the StarRocks Connector for Apache Spark. ## Sql Reference - [AWS IAM policies](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/aws_iam_policies.md): A policy in AWS IAM declares a set of permissions on a specific AWS resource. - [DATE](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/data-types/date-types/DATE.md): DATE type. The value range is ['0000-01-01', '9999-12-31'] and the default format is YYYY-MM-DD. - [DATETIME](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/data-types/date-types/DATETIME.md): Date and time type. - [BIGINT](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/data-types/numeric/BIGINT.md): BIGINT is an 8-byte signed integer. - [BOOLEAN](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/data-types/numeric/BOOLEAN.md): BOOL, BOOLEAN - [DECIMAL](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/data-types/numeric/DECIMAL.md): DECIMAL(P[,S]) is a high-precision fixed-point value. - [DOUBLE](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/data-types/numeric/DOUBLE.md): DOUBLE is an 8-byte floating point number - [FLOAT](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/data-types/numeric/FLOAT.md): FLOAT - [INT](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/data-types/numeric/INT.md): INT is a 4-byte signed integer. - [LARGEINT](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/data-types/numeric/LARGEINT.md): LARGEINT is a 16-byte signed integer. - [SMALLINT](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/data-types/numeric/SMALLINT.md): SMALLINT is a 2-byte signed integer. - [TINYINT](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/data-types/numeric/TINYINT.md): TINYINT is a 1-byte signed integer. - [BITMAP](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/data-types/other-data-types/BITMAP.md): BITMAP is often used to accelerate count distinct. - [HLL (HyperLogLog)](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/data-types/other-data-types/HLL.md): HLL is used for approximate count distinct. - [ARRAY](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/data-types/semi_structured/Array.md): ARRAY, as an extended type of database, is supported in various database systems such as PostgreSQL, ClickHouse, and Snowflake. - [JSON](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/data-types/semi_structured/JSON.md): Since version 2.2.0, StarRocks supports JSON. - [MAP](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/data-types/semi_structured/Map.md): MAP is a complex data type that stores a set of key-value pairs, for example, {a:1, b:2, c:3}. - [STRUCT](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/data-types/semi_structured/STRUCT.md): STRUCT is widely used to express complex data types. - [VARIANT](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/data-types/semi_structured/VARIANT.md): The VARIANT type is supported only for tables in Iceberg Catalog. - [BINARY/VARBINARY](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/data-types/string-type/BINARY.md): BINARY(M) - [CHAR](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/data-types/string-type/CHAR.md): CHAR(M) - [STRING](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/data-types/string-type/STRING.md): STRING - [VARCHAR](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/data-types/string-type/VARCHAR.md): VARCHAR(M) - [Error Codes](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/Error_code.md): Reference for common StarRocks error codes returned for query requests. - [convert_tz](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/How_to_Write_Functions_Documentation.md): - When you write new function docs, please provide complete example data so users can test it, including the CREATE TABLE, INSERT/LOAD data examples. - [HTTP SQL API](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/http_sql_api.md): StarRocks v3.2.0 introduces the HTTP SQL API for users to perform various types of queries using HTTP. - [Information Schema](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/information_schema.md): The StarRocks Information Schema is a database within each StarRocks instance. - [analyze_status](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/information_schema/analyze_status.md): analyze_status provides information about the status of analyze jobs. - [applicable_roles](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/information_schema/applicable_roles.md): applicable_roles provides information about roles that are applicable to the current user. - [be_bvars](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/information_schema/be_bvars.md): be_bvars provides statistical information regarding bRPC. - [be_cloud_native_compactions](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/information_schema/be_cloud_native_compactions.md): be_cloud_native_compactions provides information on compaction transactions running on CNs (or BEs for v3.0) of a shared-data cluster. - [be_compactions](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/information_schema/be_compactions.md): be_compactions provides statistical information on compaction tasks. - [be_configs](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/information_schema/be_configs.md): be_configs provides information about the configuration parameters of each BE node. - [be_logs](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/information_schema/be_logs.md): be_logs provides information about the logs of each BE node. - [be_metrics](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/information_schema/be_metrics.md): be_metrics provides information about the metrics of each BE node. - [be_tablets](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/information_schema/be_tablets.md): be_tablets provides information about tablets on each BE node. - [be_threads](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/information_schema/be_threads.md): be_threads provides information about the threads running on each BE node. - [be_txns](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/information_schema/be_txns.md): be_txns provides information about transactions on each BE node. - [character_sets](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/information_schema/character_sets.md): character_sets identifies the character sets available. - [collations](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/information_schema/collations.md): collations contains the available collations. - [column_privileges](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/information_schema/column_privileges.md): Information schema placeholder view not implemented in StarRocks. - [column_stats_usage](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/information_schema/column_stats_usage.md): column_stats_usage provides information about the usage of column statistics. - [columns](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/information_schema/columns.md): columns contains information about all table columns (or view columns). - [engines](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/information_schema/engines.md): Information schema placeholder view not implemented in StarRocks. - [events](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/information_schema/events.md): Information schema placeholder view not implemented in StarRocks. - [fe_metrics](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/information_schema/fe_metrics.md): fe_metrics provides information about the metrics of each FE node. - [fe_tablet_schedules](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/information_schema/fe_tablet_schedules.md): fe_tablet_schedules provides information about tablet scheduling tasks on FE nodes. - [fe_threads](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/information_schema/fe_threads.md): fe_threads provides information about the threads running on each FE node. - [global_variables](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/information_schema/global_variables.md): global_variables provides information about global variables. - [key_column_usage](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/information_schema/key_column_usage.md): Information schema placeholder view not implemented in StarRocks. - [load_tracking_logs](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/information_schema/load_tracking_logs.md): load_tracking_logs provides error logs of load jobs. - [loads](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/information_schema/loads.md): loads provides the results of load jobs. - [materialized_views](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/information_schema/materialized_views.md): materialized_views provides information about all materialized views. - [partitions](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/information_schema/partitions.md): Information schema placeholder view not implemented in StarRocks. - [partitions_meta](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/information_schema/partitions_meta.md): partitions_meta provides information about partitions of tables. - [pipe_files](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/information_schema/pipe_files.md): pipe_files provides the status of the data files to be loaded via a specified pipe. - [pipes](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/information_schema/pipes.md): pipes provides information about all pipes stored in the current or specified database. - [recyclebin_catalogs](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/information_schema/recyclebin_catalogs.md): recyclebin_catalogs provides metadata information of deleted databases, tables, and partitions temporarily stored in the FE recycle bin. - [referential_constraints](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/information_schema/referential_constraints.md): Information schema placeholder view not implemented in StarRocks. - [routine_load_jobs](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/information_schema/routine_load_jobs.md): routine_load_jobs provides information about routine load jobs. - [routines](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/information_schema/routines.md): Information schema placeholder view not implemented in StarRocks. - [schema_privileges](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/information_schema/schema_privileges.md): Information schema placeholder view not implemented in StarRocks. - [schemata](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/information_schema/schemata.md): schemata provides information about databases. - [session_variables](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/information_schema/session_variables.md): session_variables provides information about session variables. - [statistics](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/information_schema/statistics.md): Information schema placeholder view not implemented in StarRocks. - [stream_loads](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/information_schema/stream_loads.md): stream_loads provides information about stream load jobs. - [table_constraints](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/information_schema/table_constraints.md): Information schema placeholder view not implemented in StarRocks. - [table_privileges](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/information_schema/table_privileges.md): Information schema placeholder view not implemented in StarRocks. - [tables](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/information_schema/tables.md): tables provides information about tables. - [tables_config](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/information_schema/tables_config.md): tables_config provides information about the configuration of tables. - [task_runs](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/information_schema/task_runs.md): task_runs provides information about the execution of asynchronous tasks. - [tasks](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/information_schema/tasks.md): tasks provides information about asynchronous tasks. - [triggers](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/information_schema/triggers.md): Information schema placeholder view not implemented in StarRocks. - [user_privileges](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/information_schema/user_privileges.md): Information schema placeholder view not implemented in StarRocks. - [verbose_session_variables](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/information_schema/verbose_session_variables.md): verbose_session_variables provides session variable details including default values and whether they have been modified. - [views](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/information_schema/views.md): views provides information about all user-defined views. - [warehouse_metrics](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/information_schema/warehouse_metrics.md): warehouse_metrics provides information about the metrics of each warehouse. - [warehouse_queries](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/information_schema/warehouse_queries.md): warehouse_queries provides information about queries running on each warehouse. - [SQL statement template](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/SQL_command_template.md): - This template uses ADMIN SET REPLICA STATUS as an example to illustrate the requirements for writing SQL command topics. - [any_value](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/aggregate-functions/any_value.md): Obtains an arbitrary row from each aggregated group. - [approx_count_distinct](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/aggregate-functions/approx_count_distinct.md): Returns the approximate value of aggregate function similar to the result of COUNT(DISTINCT col). - [approx_top_k](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/aggregate-functions/approx_top_k.md): Returns the top k most frequently occurring item values in an expr along with their approximate counts. - [avg](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/aggregate-functions/avg.md): Returns the average value of selected fields. - [bitmap](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/aggregate-functions/bitmap.md): Here is a simple example to illustrate the usage of several aggregate functions in Bitmap. - [bool_or](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/aggregate-functions/bool_or.md): Returns true if at least one row for expr is true. - [corr](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/aggregate-functions/corr.md): Returns the Pearson correlation coefficient between two expressions. - [count](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/aggregate-functions/count.md): Returns the total number of rows specified by an expression. - [count_if](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/aggregate-functions/count_if.md): Returns the number of records that meet the specified condition or 0 if no records satisfy the condition. - [covar_pop](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/aggregate-functions/covar_pop.md): Returns the population covariance of two expressions. - [covar_samp](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/aggregate-functions/covar_samp.md): Returns the sample covariance of two expressions. - [ds_hll_accumulate](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/aggregate-functions/ds_hll_accumulate.md): Accumulates values into a DataSketches HyperLogLog (HLL) sketch and returns the serialized sketch as VARBINARY for approximate distinct counting. - [ds_hll_combine](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/aggregate-functions/ds_hll_combine.md): Combines multiple serialized DataSketches HyperLogLog (HLL) sketches into a single serialized sketch for approximate distinct counting. - [ds_hll_count_distinct](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/aggregate-functions/ds_hll_count_distinct.md): Returns the approximate distinct count using DataSketches HyperLogLog (HLL). Similar to APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT but with higher precision. - [ds_hll_estimate](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/aggregate-functions/ds_hll_estimate.md): Estimates the approximate distinct count from a serialized DataSketches HyperLogLog (HLL) sketch. - [ds_theta_count_distinct](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/aggregate-functions/ds_theta_count_distinct.md): Returns approximate distinct count using DataSketches Theta sketch. Faster than COUNT(DISTINCT) with lower memory usage for high-cardinality columns. - [group_concat](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/aggregate-functions/group_concat.md): Concatenates non-null values from a group into a single string, with a sep argument, which is , by default if not specified. - [grouping](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/aggregate-functions/grouping.md): Indicates whether a column is an aggregate column. - [grouping_id](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/aggregate-functions/grouping_id.md): grouping_id is used to distinguish the grouping statistics results of the same grouping standard. - [hll_raw_agg](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/aggregate-functions/hll_raw_agg.md): Aggregate function that combines multiple HLL values into a single HLL for approximate COUNT(DISTINCT). - [hll_union](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/aggregate-functions/hll_union.md): Returns the concatenation of a set of HLL values. - [hll_union_agg](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/aggregate-functions/hll_union_agg.md): HLL is an engineering implementation based on the HyperLogLog algorithm, which is used to save the intermediate results of HyperLogGog calculation process. - [mann_whitney_u_test](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/aggregate-functions/mann_whitney_u_test.md): mann_whitney_u_test performs the Mann-Whitney rank test on samples derived from two populations. - [max](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/aggregate-functions/max.md): Returns the maximum value of the expr expression. - [max_by](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/aggregate-functions/max_by.md): Returns the value of x associated with the maximum value of y. - [min](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/aggregate-functions/min.md): Returns the minimum value of the expr expression. - [min_by](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/aggregate-functions/min_by.md): Returns the value of x associated with the minimum value of y. - [MIN_N, MAX_N](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/aggregate-functions/min_n_max_n.md): Returns the n smallest or largest values from an expression as an array. - [multi_distinct_count](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/aggregate-functions/multi_distinct_count.md): Returns the total number of rows of the expr, equivalent to count(distinct expr). - [multi_distinct_sum](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/aggregate-functions/multi_distinct_sum.md): Returns the sum of distinct values in expr, equivalent to sum(distinct expr). - [percentile_approx](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/aggregate-functions/percentile_approx.md): Returns the approximate value for a given percentile p, or an array of values for corresponding percentiles if p is an array. - [percentile_approx_weight](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/aggregate-functions/percentile_approx_weight.md): Returns the approximation of the p-th percentile with weight. A weighted version of PERCENTILE_APPROX that accepts a weight column or constant for each... - [percentile_cont](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/aggregate-functions/percentile_cont.md): Computes the percentile value of expr with linear interpolation. - [percentile_disc](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/aggregate-functions/percentile_disc.md): Returns a percentile value based on a discrete distribution of the input column expr. - [percentile_disc_lc](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/aggregate-functions/percentile_disc_lc.md): Returns a percentile value based on a discrete distribution of the input column expr. - [retention](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/aggregate-functions/retention.md): Calculates the user retention rate within a specified period of time. - [std](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/aggregate-functions/std.md): Returns the standard deviation of an expression. - [stddev,stddev_pop,std](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/aggregate-functions/stddev.md): Returns the population standard deviation of the expr expression. - [stddev_samp](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/aggregate-functions/stddev_samp.md): Returns the sample standard deviation of an expression. - [sum](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/aggregate-functions/sum.md): Returns the sum of non-null values for expr. - [sum_map](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/aggregate-functions/sum_map.md): Aggregates MAP values by summing numeric values for matching keys across multiple rows. - [var_samp,variance_samp](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/aggregate-functions/var_samp.md): Returns the sample variance of an expression. - [variance,var_pop,variance_pop](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/aggregate-functions/variance.md): Returns the population variance of an expression. - [window_funnel](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/aggregate-functions/window_funnel.md): Searches for an event chain in a sliding window and calculates the maximum number of consecutive events in the event chain. - [all_match](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/array-functions/all_match.md): Returns whether all elements of an array match the given predicate. - [any_match](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/array-functions/any_match.md): Returns whether any elements of an array match the given predicate. - [array_agg](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/array-functions/array_agg.md): Aggregates values (including NULL) in a column into an array (multiple rows to one row), and optionally order the elements by specific columns. - [array_append](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/array-functions/array_append.md): Adds a new element to the end of the array. - [array_avg](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/array-functions/array_avg.md): Returns the average of all elements in an ARRAY, ignoring NULL values. - [array_concat](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/array-functions/array_concat.md): Concatenates multiple arrays into one array that contains all the elements in the arrays. - [array_contains](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/array-functions/array_contains.md): Checks whether the array contains a certain element. - [array_contains_all](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/array-functions/array_contains_all.md): Checks whether arr1 contains all the elements of arr2, that is, whether arr2 is a subset of arr1. - [array_contains_seq](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/array-functions/array_contains_seq.md): Checks whether all the elements of array2 appear in array1 in the same exact order. - [array_cum_sum](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/array-functions/array_cum_sum.md): Returns the cumulative sums of elements in an array. - [array_difference](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/array-functions/array_difference.md): Calculates the difference between every two neighboring elements of an array by subtracting each element from its following element and returns an array... - [array_distinct](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/array-functions/array_distinct.md): Removes duplicate elements from an array. - [array_filter](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/array-functions/array_filter.md): Returns values from an array that matches the given filter. - [array_flatten](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/array-functions/array_flatten.md): array_flatten flattens one layer of nested arrays. - [array_generate](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/array-functions/array_generate.md): Returns an array of distinct values within the range specified by start and end, with an increment of step. - [array_intersect](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/array-functions/array_intersect.md): Returns an array of the elements in the intersection of one or more arrays. - [array_join](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/array-functions/array_join.md): Concatenates the elements of an array into a string. - [array_length](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/array-functions/array_length.md): Returns the number of elements in an array. - [array_map](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/array-functions/array_map.md): array_map() is a higher-order SQL function that can take lambda functions as arguments.It applies the lambda function to the input arrays and returns a new... - [array_max](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/array-functions/array_max.md): Returns the maximum value among all elements in an ARRAY. - [array_min](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/array-functions/array_min.md): Returns the minimum value among all elements in an ARRAY. - [array_position](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/array-functions/array_position.md): Obtains the position of an element in an array. - [array_remove](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/array-functions/array_remove.md): Removes an element from an array. - [array_repeat](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/array-functions/array_repeat.md): array_repeat returns an array containing a given element repeated a specified number of times. - [array_slice](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/array-functions/array_slice.md): Returns a slice of an array. - [array_sort](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/array-functions/array_sort.md): Sorts the elements of an array in ascending order. - [array_sortby](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/array-functions/array_sortby.md): Sorts elements in an array according to the ascending order of elements in another array or array converted from a lambda expression. - [array_sum](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/array-functions/array_sum.md): Sums all the elements in an array. - [array_to_bitmap](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/array-functions/array_to_bitmap.md): Converts an array into BITMAP values. - [array_top_n](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/array-functions/array_top_n.md): Sorts the elements of a given array in their natural descending order, and returns the top-n elements in an array. - [array_unique_agg](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/array-functions/array_unique_agg.md): Aggregates distinct values (including NULL) in an ARRAY column into an array (from multiple rows to one row). - [arrays_overlap](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/array-functions/arrays_overlap.md): Checks whether the intersection of two arrays is empty. - [arrays_zip](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/array-functions/arrays_zip.md): Merges the given arrays by index into an array of structs in which the n-th struct contains n-th values of all input arrays. - [cardinality](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/array-functions/cardinality.md): Returns the number of elements in an array. - [element_at](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/array-functions/element_at.md): Returns the element at the specified position (index) from a given array. - [reverse](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/array-functions/reverse.md): Reverses a string or array. - [unnest](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/array-functions/unnest.md): UNNEST is a table function that takes an array and converts elements in that array into multiple rows of a table. - [from_binary](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/binary-functions/from_binary.md): Converts a binary value to a VARCHAR string based on the specified binary format (binary_type). - [to_binary](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/binary-functions/to_binary.md): Converts a VARCHAR string to a binary value based on the specified binary format (binary_type) of the input string. - [bit_shift_left](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/bit-functions/bit_shift_left.md): Shifts the binary representation of a numeric expression to the left by a specified number of bits. - [bit_shift_right_logical](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/bit-functions/bit_shift_right.md): Shifts the binary representation of a numeric expression to the right by a specified number of bits. - [bit_shift_right](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/bit-functions/bit_shift_right_logical.md): Shifts the binary representation of a numeric expression to the right by a specified number of bits. - [bitand](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/bit-functions/bitand.md): Returns the bitwise AND of two numeric expressions. - [bitnot](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/bit-functions/bitnot.md): Returns the bitwise negation of a numeric expression. - [bitor](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/bit-functions/bitor.md): Returns the bitwise OR of two numeric expressions. - [bitxor](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/bit-functions/bitxor.md): Returns the bitwise XOR of two numeric expressions. - [base64_to_bitmap](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/bitmap-functions/base64_to_bitmap.md): Before you import bitmap data into StarRocks, you need to serialize the data and encode the data as a Base64 string. - [bitmap_agg](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/bitmap-functions/bitmap_agg.md): Aggregates values (excluding NULLs) in a column into a bitmap (multiple rows into one row). - [bitmap_and](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/bitmap-functions/bitmap_and.md): Calculates the intersection of two input bitmaps and returns the new bitmap. - [bitmap_andnot](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/bitmap-functions/bitmap_andnot.md): Returns bitmap values that exist in lhs but do not exist in rhs, and returns the new bitmap. - [bitmap_contains](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/bitmap-functions/bitmap_contains.md): Calculates whether the input value is in the bitmap column, and returns a Boolean value. - [bitmap_count](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/bitmap-functions/bitmap_count.md): Returns the 1-bit count for the input bitmap. - [bitmap_empty](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/bitmap-functions/bitmap_empty.md): Returns an empty bitmap. - [bitmap_from_binary](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/bitmap-functions/bitmap_from_binary.md): Converts a binary string with a specific format to a bitmap. - [bitmap_from_string](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/bitmap-functions/bitmap_from_string.md): Converts a string into a BITMAP. - [bitmap_has_any](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/bitmap-functions/bitmap_has_any.md): Calculates whether there are intersecting elements between two Bitmap columns, and the return value is Boolean value. - [bitmap_hash](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/bitmap-functions/bitmap_hash.md): Calculates a 32-bit hash value for any type of input and return the bitmap containing the hash value. - [bitmap_hash64](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/bitmap-functions/bitmap_hash64.md): Calculates a 64-bit hash value for any type of input and returns a bitmap containing the hash value. - [bitmap_intersect](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/bitmap-functions/bitmap_intersect.md): Aggregation function, used to calculate the bitmap intersection after grouping. - [bitmap_max](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/bitmap-functions/bitmap_max.md): Obtains the maximum value of a bitmap. - [bitmap_min](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/bitmap-functions/bitmap_min.md): Obtains the minimum value of a bitmap. - [bitmap_or](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/bitmap-functions/bitmap_or.md): Calculates the union of two input bitmaps and return a new bitmap. - [bitmap_remove](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/bitmap-functions/bitmap_remove.md): Removes input from the Bitmap value lhs and returns a result set. - [bitmap_subset_in_range](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/bitmap-functions/bitmap_subset_in_range.md): Intercepts elements from a Bitmap value within the range of start_range and end_range (exclusive). - [bitmap_subset_limit](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/bitmap-functions/bitmap_subset_limit.md): Intercepts a specified number of elements from a BITMAP value with element value starting from start range. - [bitmap_to_array](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/bitmap-functions/bitmap_to_array.md): Converts a BITMAP into a BIGINT array. - [bitmap_to_base64](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/bitmap-functions/bitmap_to_base64.md): Converts a bitmap to a Base64-encoded string. - [bitmap_to_binary](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/bitmap-functions/bitmap_to_binary.md): Converts Bitmap values to a Binary string. - [bitmap_to_string](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/bitmap-functions/bitmap_to_string.md): Converts an input bitmap into a string that is separated by commas (,). - [bitmap_union](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/bitmap-functions/bitmap_union.md): Calculates the bitmap union of a set of values after grouping. - [bitmap_union_count](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/bitmap-functions/bitmap_union_count.md): Returns the union of a set of bitmap values and returns the cardinality of the union. - [bitmap_union_int](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/bitmap-functions/bitmap_union_int.md): Count the number of different values ​​in columns of type TINYINT, SMALLINT and INT, return the sum of COUNT (DISTINCT expr) same. - [bitmap_xor](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/bitmap-functions/bitmap_xor.md): Calculates the set consisting elements unique to lhs and rhs. - [intersect_count](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/bitmap-functions/intersect_count.md): A function to find the intersection size (number of same elements) of two Bitmap values, without requiring the data distribution to be orthogonal. - [sub_bitmap](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/bitmap-functions/sub_bitmap.md): Intercepts len elements from a BITMAP value src starting from the position specified by offset. - [subdivide_bitmap](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/bitmap-functions/subdivide_bitmap.md): Splits a large bitmap into multiple sub-bitmaps. - [to_bitmap](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/bitmap-functions/to_bitmap.md): Converts an unsigned BIGINT to a BITMAP containing that single element. - [unnest_bitmap](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/bitmap-functions/unnest_bitmap.md): unnest_bitmap is a table function that takes a bitmap and converts elements in that bitmap into multiple rows of a table. - [CAST](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/cast.md): Converts an input into the specified type. - [case](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/condition-functions/case_when.md): CASE is a conditional expression. - [coalesce](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/condition-functions/coalesce.md): Returns the first non-NULL expression among the input parameters. - [if](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/condition-functions/if.md): If expr1 evaluates to TRUE, returns expr2. - [ifnull](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/condition-functions/ifnull.md): If expr1 is NULL, returns expr2. - [nullif](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/condition-functions/nullif.md): Returns NULL if expr1 is equal to expr2. - [aes_decrypt](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/crytographic-functions/aes_decrypt.md): Uses the specified Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm and the encryption key to decrypt a string. - [aes_encrypt](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/crytographic-functions/aes_encrypt.md): Uses the specified Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm and an encryption key to encrypt a string. - [base64_decode_binary](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/crytographic-functions/base64_decode_binary.md): Decodes a Base64-encoded string and return a BINARY. - [base64_decode_string](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/crytographic-functions/base64_decode_string.md): Alias of from_base64; decodes a Base64-encoded string to its original string value. - [from_base64](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/crytographic-functions/from_base64.md): Decodes a Base64-encoded string. - [md5](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/crytographic-functions/md5.md): Uses the MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm to calculate the 128-bit checksum of a string. - [md5sum](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/crytographic-functions/md5sum.md): Calculates the 128-bit checksum of multiple strings. - [md5sum_numeric](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/crytographic-functions/md5sum_numeric.md): Calculates the 128-bit checksum of multiple strings. - [sha2](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/crytographic-functions/sha2.md): Calculates the SHA-224 hash value, SHA-256 hash value, SHA-384 hash value, or SHA-512 hash value of a string. - [sm3](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/crytographic-functions/sm3.md): Uses the SM3 digest algorithm to encrypt a string into a 256-bit hexadecimal string. - [to_base64](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/crytographic-functions/to_base64.md): Converts a string into a Base64-encoded string. - [add_months](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/add_months.md): Adds a specified number of months to a given date (DATE or DATETIME). - [adddate,date_add](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/adddate.md): Synonym of date_add; adds a specified time interval to a date or datetime value. - [convert_tz](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/convert_tz.md): Converts a DATE or DATETIME value from one time zone to another. - [curdate,current_date](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/curdate.md): Obtains the current date and returns a value of the DATE type. - [current_timestamp](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/current_timestamp.md): Obtains the current date and returns a value if the DATETIME type. - [current_timezone](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/current_timezone.md): Obtains the current time zone and returns a value of the VARCHAR type. - [curtime,current_time](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/curtime.md): Obtains the current time and returns a value of the TIME type. - [date](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/date.md): Extracts the date part of a date or datetime expression. - [date_add,adddate](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/date_add.md): Adds a specified time interval to a date. - [date_diff](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/date_diff.md): Returns the difference between two date values in the specified unit. - [date_format](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/date_format.md): Converts a date into a string according to the specified format. - [date_slice](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/date_slice.md): Converts a given time into the beginning or end of a time interval based on the specified time granularity. - [date_sub,subdate](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/date_sub.md): Subtracts the specified time interval from a date. - [date_trunc](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/date_trunc.md): Truncates a time value based on the specified date part, such as year, day, hour, or minute. - [datediff](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/datediff.md): Calculates the difference between two date values (expr1 - expr2) and returns a result in days. - [day](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/day.md): Extracts the day part of a date or datetime expression and returns a value that ranges from 1 to 31. - [dayofweek_iso](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/day_of_week_iso.md): Returns the ISO standard day of the week for the specified date as an integer within the range of 1 to 7. - [dayname](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/dayname.md): Returns the day corresponding to a date. - [dayofmonth](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/dayofmonth.md): Obtains the day part in a date and returns a value that ranges from 1 to 31. - [dayofweek](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/dayofweek.md): Returns the weekday index for a given date. - [dayofyear](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/dayofyear.md): Returns the day of the year for a given date. - [days_add](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/days_add.md): Adds a specified number of days to a given date or date time. - [days_diff](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/days_diff.md): Returns the day difference between two date expressions (expr1 − expr2), accurate to the day. - [days_sub](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/days_sub.md): Subtracts specified days from a date or datetime to get a new datetime. - [from_days](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/from_days.md): Returns a date from 0000-01-01. - [from_unixtime](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/from_unixtime.md): Converts a UNIX timestamp into the required time format. - [hour](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/hour.md): Returns the hour for a given date. - [hours_add](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/hours_add.md): Adds hours to a date or datetime. - [hours_diff](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/hours_diff.md): Returns the hour difference between two date expressions (expr1 − expr2), accurate to the hour. - [hours_sub](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/hours_sub.md): Reduces the specified date and time by a specified number of hours. - [jodatime_format](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/jodatime_format.md): Converts the specified date into a string in the specified Joda DateTimeFormat pattern format. - [last_day](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/last_day.md): Returns the last day of an input DATE or DATETIME expression based on the specified date part. - [makedate](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/makedate.md): Creates and returns a date based on the given year and day of year values. - [microseconds_add](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/microseconds_add.md): Adds a time interval to a date value. - [microseconds_sub](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/microseconds_sub.md): Subtracts a time interval from a date value. - [milliseconds_diff](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/milliseconds_diff.md): Returns the time difference between the start date and end date in milliseconds. - [minute](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/minute.md): Returns the minute for a given date. - [minutes_add](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/minutes_add.md): Adds the specified minutes to the date, accurate to the minute. - [minutes_diff](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/minutes_diff.md): Returns the minute difference between two date expressions (expr1 − expr2), accurate to the minute. - [minutes_sub](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/minutes_sub.md): Subtracts specified minutes from the date, accurate to the minute. - [month](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/month.md): Returns the month for a given date. - [monthname](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/monthname.md): Returns the name of the month for a given date. - [months_add](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/months_add.md): Adds a specified number of months to the date, accurate to the month. - [months_diff](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/months_diff.md): Returns the month difference between two date expressions (expr1 − expr2), accurate to the month. - [months_sub](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/months_sub.md): Subtracts specified months from the date. - [next_day](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/next_day.md): Returns the date of the first specified day of week (DOW) that occurs after the input date (DATE or DATETIME). - [now, current_timestamp, localtime, localtimestamp](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/now.md): Returns the current date and time. - [previous_day](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/previous_day.md): Returns the date of the first specified day of week (DOW) that occurs before the input date (DATE or DATETIME). - [quarter](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/quarter.md): Returns the quarter part of a date, in the range of 1 to 4. - [sec_to_time](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/sec_to_time.md): The SEC_TO_TIME function converts a value in seconds into a TIME type, returning the result in the format HH:MM:SS. - [second](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/second.md): Returns the second part for a given date. - [seconds_add](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/seconds_add.md): DATETIME SECONDS_ADD(DATETIME expr1,INT expr2) - [seconds_diff](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/seconds_diff.md): Returns the second difference between two date expressions (expr1 − expr2), accurate to the second. - [seconds_sub](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/seconds_sub.md): Subtracts a time interval from a date value. - [str_to_date](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/str_to_date.md): Converts a string into a DATETIME value according to the specified format. - [str_to_jodatime](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/str_to_jodatime.md): Converts a Joda-formatted string into a DATETIME value in the specified Joda DateTime format like yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss. - [str2date](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/str2date.md): Converts a string into a DATE value according to the specified format. - [time_format](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/time_format.md): Formats TIME-type values in the specified format. - [time_slice](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/time_slice.md): Converts a given time into the beginning or end of a time interval based on the specified time granularity. - [time_to_sec](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/time_to_sec.md): Converts a time value into the number of seconds. - [timediff](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/timediff.md): Returns the difference between two DATETIME expressions. - [timestamp](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/timestamp.md): Returns the DATETIME value of a date or datetime expression. - [timestampadd](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/timestampadd.md): Adds an integer expression interval to the date or datetime expression datetime_expr. - [timestampdiff](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/timestampdiff.md): Returns the interval from datetime_expr2 to datetime_expr1. - [to_date](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/to_date.md): Converts a DATETIME value into a date. - [to_datetime](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/to_datetime.md): Converts a Unix timestamp to a DATETIME type value based on the current time zone settings. - [to_datetime_ntz](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/to_datetime_ntz.md): Converts a Unix timestamp to a DATETIME type value. - [to_days](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/to_days.md): Returns the number of days between a date and 0000-01-01. - [to_iso8601](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/to_iso8601.md): Converts the specified date into a string in ISO 8601 format. - [to_tera_date](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/to_tera_date.md): Parses a date or time string according to the specified format and converts the string to a DATE value. - [to_tera_timestamp](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/to_tera_timestamp.md): Parses a date or time string according to the specified format and converts the string to a DATETIME value. - [unix_timestamp](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/unix_timestamp.md): Converts a DATE or DATETIME value into a UNIX timestamp. - [utc_time](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/utc_time.md): Returns the current UTC time as a value in 'HH:MM:SS'. - [utc_timestamp](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/utc_timestamp.md): Returns the current UTC date and time as a value in 'YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS' or 'YYYYMMDDHHMMSS' format depending on the usage of the function, for example, in... - [week](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/week.md): Returns the week number for a given date. - [week_iso](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/week_iso.md): Returns the ISO standard week of the year for the specified date as an integer within the range of 1 to 53. - [weekday](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/weekday.md): Returns the weekday index for a given date. - [weekofyear](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/weekofyear.md): Returns the week number for a given date within a year. - [weeks_add](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/weeks_add.md): Returns the value with the number of weeks added to date. - [weeks_diff](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/weeks_diff.md): Returns the week difference between two date expressions (expr1 − expr2), accurate to the week. - [weeks_sub](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/weeks_sub.md): Subtracts a specified number of weeks from a datetime or date value. - [year](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/year.md): Returns the year part in a date and returns a value that ranges from 1000 to 9999. - [years_add](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/years_add.md): DATETIME YEARS_ADD(DATETIME expr1,INT expr2) - [years_diff](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/years_diff.md): Returns the year difference between two date expressions (expr1 − expr2), accurate to the year. - [years_sub](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/years_sub.md): Subtracts the specified number of years from the specified datetime or date. - [yearweek](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/date-time-functions/yearweek.md): Returns year and week number for a given date. - [dict_mapping](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/dict-functions/dict_mapping.md): Returns the value mapped to the specified key in a dictionary table. - [dictionary_get](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/dict-functions/dictionary_get.md): Query the value mapped to the key in a dictionary object. - [murmur_hash3_32](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/hash-functions/murmur_hash3_32.md): Returns the 32-bit murmur3 hash value of the input string. - [xx_hash3_128](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/hash-functions/xx_hash3_128.md): Returns the 128-bit xxhash3 hash value of the input string. - [xx_hash3_64](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/hash-functions/xx_hash3_64.md): Returns the 64-bit xxhash3 hash value of the input string. - [Hive Bitmap UDF](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/hive_bitmap_udf.md): Hive Bitmap UDF provides UDFs that can be directly used in Hive. - [Java UDF](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/JAVA_UDF.md): From v2.2.0 onwards, you can compile user-defined functions (UDFs) to suit your specific business needs by using the Java programming language. - [json_array](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/json-functions/json-constructor-functions/json_array.md): Converts each element of an SQL array to a JSON value and returns a JSON array that consists of the JSON values. - [json_object](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/json-functions/json-constructor-functions/json_object.md): Converts one or more key-value pairs to a JSON object that consists of the key-value pairs. - [parse_json](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/json-functions/json-constructor-functions/parse_json.md): Converts a string to a JSON value. - [JSON operators](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/json-functions/json-operators.md): StarRocks supports the following JSON comparison operators: <, <=, >, >=, =, and !=. - [Arrow function](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/json-functions/json-query-and-processing-functions/arrow-function.md): Queries an element that can be located by the json_path expression in a JSON object and returns a JSON value. - [cast](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/json-functions/json-query-and-processing-functions/cast.md): Converts a value between the JSON type and SQL type. - [get_json_bool](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/json-functions/json-query-and-processing-functions/get_json_bool.md): Parses and gets the boolean value from a specified JSON path in a JSON string. - [get_json_double](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/json-functions/json-query-and-processing-functions/get_json_double.md): Extracts a floating-point value from a JSON string at the specified path. - [get_json_int](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/json-functions/json-query-and-processing-functions/get_json_int.md): Extracts an integer value from a JSON string at the specified path. - [get_json_string,get_json_object](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/json-functions/json-query-and-processing-functions/get_json_string.md): Analyzes and gets strings from the specified path (json_path) in a JSON string. - [json_contains](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/json-functions/json-query-and-processing-functions/json_contains.md): Checks whether a JSON document contains a specific value or subdocument. - [json_each](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/json-functions/json-query-and-processing-functions/json_each.md): Expands the outermost elements of a JSON object into a set of key-value pairs held in two columns and returns a table that consists of one row for each element. - [json_exists](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/json-functions/json-query-and-processing-functions/json_exists.md): Checks whether a JSON object contains an element that can be located by the json_path expression. - [json_keys](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/json-functions/json-query-and-processing-functions/json_keys.md): Returns the top-level keys from a JSON object as a JSON array, or, if a path is specified, the top-level keys from the path. - [json_length](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/json-functions/json-query-and-processing-functions/json_length.md): Returns the length of a JSON document. - [json_pretty](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/json-functions/json-query-and-processing-functions/json_pretty.md): Formats a JSON document into an easy-to-read, indented string format. - [json_query](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/json-functions/json-query-and-processing-functions/json_query.md): Queries the value of an element that can be located by the json_path expression in a JSON object and returns a JSON value. - [json_remove](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/json-functions/json-query-and-processing-functions/json_remove.md): Removes data from a JSON document at one or more specified JSON paths and returns the modified JSON document. - [json_set](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/json-functions/json-query-and-processing-functions/json_set.md): Inserts or updates data in a JSON document at one or more specified JSON paths and returns the modified JSON document. - [json_string](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/json-functions/json-query-and-processing-functions/json_string.md): Converting JSON object to JSON string - [to_json](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/json-functions/json-query-and-processing-functions/to_json.md): Converts a Map or Struct value into a JSON string. - [Overview of JSON functions and operators](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/json-functions/overview-of-json-functions-and-operators.md): Accelerate your queries with generated columns - [Lambda expression](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/Lambda_expression.md): Lambda expressions are anonymous functions that can be passed as parameters into higher-order SQL functions. - [like](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/like-predicate-functions/like.md): Checks whether a given expression fuzzy matches the specified pattern. - [regexp](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/like-predicate-functions/regexp.md): Checks whether a given expression matches the regular expression specified by pattern. - [regexp_count](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/like-predicate-functions/regexp_count.md): Counts the number of times a pattern occurs in a string. - [regexp_extract](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/like-predicate-functions/regexp_extract.md): Returns the first substring in a string that matches the specified regular expression pattern. - [regexp_extract_all](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/like-predicate-functions/regexp_extract_all.md): Extracts all substrings from a string that match a regular expression pattern at the specified capture group index. - [regexp_replace](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/like-predicate-functions/regexp_replace.md): Replaces substrings matching a regular expression pattern with a replacement string. - [cardinality](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/map-functions/cardinality.md): Returns the number of elements in a MAP value. - [distinct_map_keys](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/map-functions/distinct_map_keys.md): Removes duplicate keys from a map, because keys in a map must be unique in terms of semantics. - [element_at](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/map-functions/element_at.md): Returns the value for the specified key from a key-value pair of a map. - [map_apply](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/map-functions/map_apply.md): Applies a Lambda expression to the keys and values of the original Map and generates a new Map. - [map_concat](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/map-functions/map_concat.md): Returns the union of the input maps. - [map_filter](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/map-functions/map_filter.md): Filters key-value pairs in a map by applying a Boolean array or a Lambda expression to each key-value pair. - [map_from_arrays](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/map-functions/map_from_arrays.md): Creates a MAP value from the given pair of key item array and value item array. - [map_keys](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/map-functions/map_keys.md): Returns an array of all the keys in the specified map. - [map_size](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/map-functions/map_size.md): Returns the number of elements in a MAP value. - [map_values](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/map-functions/map_values.md): Returns an array of all the values in the specified map. - [transform_keys](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/map-functions/transform_keys.md): Transforms keys in a map using a Lambda expression and produces a new key for each entry in the map. - [transform_values](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/map-functions/transform_values.md): Transforms values in a map using a Lambda expression and produces a new value for each entry in the map. - [abs](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/math-functions/abs.md): Returns the absolute value of the numeric value x. - [acos](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/math-functions/acos.md): Computes the arc cosine of an argument. - [asin](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/math-functions/asin.md): Computes the arc sine of the argument. - [atan](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/math-functions/atan.md): Computes the arc tangent of the argument. - [atan2](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/math-functions/atan2.md): Returns the arc tangent of x divided by y, that is, the arc tangent of x/y. - [bin](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/math-functions/bin.md): Transforms the input arg into a binary. - [cbrt](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/math-functions/cbrt.md): Computes the cube root of the argument. - [ceil, dceil](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/math-functions/ceil.md): Returns values from the input arg rounded to the nearest equal or larger integer. - [ceiling](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/math-functions/ceiling.md): Returns values from the input arg rounded to the nearest equal or larger integer. - [conv](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/math-functions/conv.md): Converts the number x from one numeric base system to another, and returns the result as a string value. - [cos](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/math-functions/cos.md): Computes the cosine of the argument. - [cosine_similarity](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/math-functions/cos_similarity.md): Measures the similarity of two vectors by calculating the cosine of the angle between them. - [cosine_similarity_norm](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/math-functions/cos_similarity_norm.md): Measures the similarity of two normalized vectors by calculating the cosine of the angle between them. - [cosh](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/math-functions/cosh.md): Computes the hyperbolic cosine of the argument. - [cot](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/math-functions/cot.md): Returns the cotangent of the angle in radians x. - [degrees](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/math-functions/degrees.md): Converts the angle in radians x to degrees. - [divide](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/math-functions/divide.md): Return the quotient of x divide y. - [e](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/math-functions/e.md): Returns the constant e (the base of natural logarithms). - [exp,dexp](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/math-functions/exp.md): Returns the value of e raised to the power of x. - [floor, dfloor](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/math-functions/floor.md): Returns the largest integer that is not more than x. - [fmod](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/math-functions/fmod.md): Returns the floating point remainder of the division ( dividend/divisor ). - [greatest](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/math-functions/greatest.md): Returns the largest value from a list of one or more parameters. - [least](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/math-functions/least.md): Returns the smallest value from a list of one or more parameters. - [ln, dlog1, log](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/math-functions/ln.md): Computes the natural (base e) logarithm of a number. - [log](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/math-functions/log.md): Calculates the logarithm of a number to a specified base (or radix). - [log10, dlog10](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/math-functions/log10.md): Calculates the base 10 logarithm of a number. - [log2](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/math-functions/log2.md): Calculates the base 2 logarithm of a number. - [mod](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/math-functions/mod.md): The modulus function that returns the remainder of dividend divided by divisor. - [multiply](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/math-functions/multiply.md): Computes the product of the arguments. - [negative](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/math-functions/negative.md): Returns the negative of input arg. - [pi](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/math-functions/pi.md): Returns the value of Pi. - [pmod](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/math-functions/pmod.md): Returns the positive remainder of dividend divided bydivisor. - [positive](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/math-functions/positive.md): Returns x as a value. - [pow, power, dpow, fpow](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/math-functions/pow.md): Returns the result of x raised to the power of y. - [radians](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/math-functions/radians.md): Converts x from an angle to a radian. - [rand, random](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/math-functions/rand.md): Returns a random floating-point number between 0 (inclusive) and 1 (exclusive). - [round, dround](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/math-functions/round.md): Rounds a number to a specified number of digits. - [sign](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/math-functions/sign.md): Returns the sign of x. - [sin](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/math-functions/sin.md): Returns the sine of x, where x is in radians. - [sinh](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/math-functions/sinh.md): Computes the hyperbolic sine of the argument. - [sqrt, dsqrt](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/math-functions/sqrt.md): Calculates the square root of a value. - [square](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/math-functions/square.md): Calculates the square of a value. - [tan](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/math-functions/tan.md): Returns the tangent of x, where x is in radians. - [tanh](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/math-functions/tanh.md): Computes the hyperbolic tangent of the argument. - [truncate](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/math-functions/truncate.md): Rounds the input down to the nearest equal or smaller value with the specified number of places after the decimal point. - [get_query_dump](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/meta-functions/get_query_dump.md): Returns a debug dump of a SQL query including table schemas, statistics, and session variables for reproducing query planning. - [get_query_dump_from_query_id](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/meta-functions/get_query_dump_from_query_id.md): Returns a debug dump for a previously executed query located by its query_id, for post-mortem analysis of query planning. - [inspect_all_pipes](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/meta-functions/inspect_all_pipes.md): Returns metadata for all pipes in the current database as a JSON string. - [inspect_hive_part_info](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/meta-functions/inspect_hive_part_info.md): Returns Hive partition information for a specified external table as a JSON string. - [inspect_memory](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/meta-functions/inspect_memory.md): Returns the estimated memory usage for a specified StarRocks FE module as a JSON string. - [inspect_memory_detail](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/meta-functions/inspect_memory_detail.md): Returns the estimated memory usage for a specific class or field within a StarRocks FE module. - [inspect_mv_meta](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/meta-functions/inspect_mv_meta.md): Returns verbose metadata of a materialized view as a JSON string for debugging and inspection. - [inspect_mv_plan](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/meta-functions/inspect_mv_plan.md): Returns the logical plan of a materialized view as a string, optionally reading from the plan cache. - [inspect_mv_refresh_info](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/meta-functions/inspect_mv_refresh_info.md): Returns refresh information for a materialized view including base table partition metadata and version maps. - [inspect_mv_relationships](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/meta-functions/inspect_mv_relationships.md): Returns the mapping from external base tables to materialized views stored in ConnectorTblMetaInfoMgr. - [inspect_related_mv](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/meta-functions/inspect_related_mv.md): Returns a JSON array of all materialized views that reference a given base table. - [inspect_table_partition_info](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/meta-functions/inspect_table_partition_info.md): Returns partition information for a table as a JSON string. - [inspect_task_runs](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/meta-functions/inspect_task_runs.md): Returns the current status of all tasks in the FE TaskManager as a JSON string. - [lookup_string](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/meta-functions/lookup_string.md): Looks up a value from a primary key table at query planning time and returns the result for use by the optimizer. - [percentile_approx](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/percentile-functions/percentile_approx.md) - [percentile_approx_raw](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/percentile-functions/percentile_approx_raw.md): Returns the value that corresponds to a specified percentile from x. - [percentile_cont](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/percentile-functions/percentile_cont.md) - [percentile_disc](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/percentile-functions/percentile_disc.md) - [percentile_empty](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/percentile-functions/percentile_empty.md): Constructs an empty PERCENTILE value used as a placeholder during Stream Load or INSERT INTO data loading. - [percentile_hash](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/percentile-functions/percentile_hash.md): Constructs DOUBLE values as PERCENTILE values. - [percentile_union](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/percentile-functions/percentile_union.md): Aggregates PERCENTILE data. - [Python UDF](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/Python_UDF.md): Since v3.4.0, StarRocks supports creating Python UDFs. - [hll_cardinality](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/scalar-functions/hll_cardinality.md): Calculates the cardinality of a single HLL type value. - [hll_empty](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/scalar-functions/hll_empty.md): Generates an empty HLL column to supplement the default values when inserting or loading data. - [hll_hash](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/scalar-functions/hll_hash.md): Converts a value to an hll type. - [ST_AsText,ST_AsWKT](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/spatial-functions/st_astext.md): Converts a geometric figure to WKT (Well Known Text) format. - [ST_Circle](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/spatial-functions/st_circle.md): Converts a WKT (WEll Known Text) to a circle on the sphere of the earth. - [ST_Contains](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/spatial-functions/st_contains.md): Checks whether the geometric figure shape1 can fully contain shape2. - [ST_Distance_Sphere](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/spatial-functions/st_distance_sphere.md): Calculates the spherical distance between two points on the Earth in 'meters'. - [ST_GeometryFromText,ST_GeomFromText](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/spatial-functions/st_geometryfromtext.md): Converts a WKT (Well Known Text) to the corresponding memory geometry. - [ST_LineFromText,ST_LineStringFromText](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/spatial-functions/st_linefromtext.md): Converts a WKT (Well Known Text) to a memory representation in the form of Line. - [ST_Point](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/spatial-functions/st_point.md): Returns the corresponding Point with the given X-coordinate and Y-coordinate. - [ST_Polygon,ST_PolyFromText,ST_PolygonFromText](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/spatial-functions/st_polygon.md): Converts a WKT (Well Known Text) to a corresponding polygon memory form. - [ST_X](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/spatial-functions/st_x.md): If point is of a valid Point type, return the corresponding X-coordinate value. - [ST_Y](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/spatial-functions/st_y.md): If point is of a valid Point type, return the corresponding Y-coordinate value. - [SQL UDF](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/SQL_UDF.md): Since version 4.1, StarRocks supports creating SQL user-define-functions(UDFs), allowing users to create functions using SQL expressions. - [append_trailing_char_if_absent](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/string-functions/append_trailing_char_if_absent.md): If the str string is not empty and does not contain trailing_char character in the end, it appends trailing_char character to the end. - [ascii](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/string-functions/ascii.md): Returns the ASCII code of the leftmost character of a string. - [char](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/string-functions/char.md): CHAR() returns the character value of the given integer value according to the ASCII table. - [char_length](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/string-functions/char_length.md): Returns the number of characters in a string. - [character_length](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/string-functions/character_length.md): Alias of char_length; returns the number of characters in a string. - [concat](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/string-functions/concat.md): Concatenates multiple strings into a single string. - [concat_ws](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/string-functions/concat_ws.md): Concatenates strings using a specified separator between each argument. - [crc32](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/string-functions/crc32.md): Returns the 32-bit cyclic redundancy check (CRC) value of a string. - [ends_with](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/string-functions/ends_with.md): Returns true if a string ends with a specified suffix. - [field](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/string-functions/field.md): Returns the index (position) of a value in a list of values. - [find_in_set](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/string-functions/find_in_set.md): Returns the 1-based position of a string within a comma-separated list. - [format_bytes](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/string-functions/format_bytes.md): Converts a byte count into a human-readable string with appropriate units (B, KB, MB, GB, TB, PB, EB). - [group_concat](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/string-functions/group_concat.md): Concatenates non-null values from a group into a single string, with a sep argument, which is , by default if not specified. - [hex](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/string-functions/hex.md): Converts a numeric or string value to its hexadecimal representation. - [hex_decode_binary](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/string-functions/hex_decode_binary.md): Decodes a hex encoded string to a binary. - [hex_decode_string](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/string-functions/hex_decode_string.md): Converts a hexadecimal-encoded string back to its original string value; inverse of hex. - [inet_aton](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/string-functions/inet_aton.md): Takes a string containing an IPv4 address in the format A.B.C.D. - [initcap](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/string-functions/initcap.md): Converts the first letter of each word in a string to uppercase and the remaining characters to lowercase. - [instr](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/string-functions/instr.md): Returns the 1-based character position of the first occurrence of a substring within a string. - [lcase](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/string-functions/lcase.md): Converts a string to lowercase; alias of lower. - [left](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/string-functions/left.md): Returns a specified number of characters from the left side of a string. - [length](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/string-functions/length.md): Returns the byte length of a string. - [locate](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/string-functions/locate.md): Returns the 1-based character position of a substring within a string. - [lower](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/string-functions/lower.md): Converts all strings in an argument to lower-case. - [lpad](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/string-functions/lpad.md): Left-pads a string with a pad string to reach the specified length. - [ltrim](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/string-functions/ltrim.md): Removes the leading spaces or specified characters from the beginning (left) of the str argument. - [money_format](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/string-functions/money_format.md): Formats a numeric value as a currency string with two decimal places and thousands separators. - [ngram_search](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/string-functions/ngram_search.md): Calculate the ngram similarity of the two strings. - [null_or_empty](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/string-functions/null_or_empty.md): Returns true if the string is NULL or an empty string. - [parse_url](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/string-functions/parse_url.md): Parses a URL string and extracts a specified component such as host, path, or query parameter. - [regexp_split](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/string-functions/regexp_split.md): Split string str by regexp expression pattern, return maximum max_split elements in ARRAY type. - [repeat](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/string-functions/repeat.md): Returns a string repeated a specified number of times. - [replace](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/string-functions/replace.md): Replaces all occurrences of characters in a string with another string. - [reverse](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/string-functions/reverse.md): Reverses a string or array. - [right](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/string-functions/right.md): Returns a specified number of characters from the right side of a string. - [rpad](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/string-functions/rpad.md): Right-pads a string with a pad string to reach the specified length. - [rtrim](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/string-functions/rtrim.md): Removes the trailing spaces or specified characters from the end (right) of the str argument. - [space](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/string-functions/space.md): Returns a string of the specified number of spaces. - [split](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/string-functions/split.md): Splits a string by a delimiter and returns the resulting parts as an ARRAY. - [split_part](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/string-functions/split_part.md): Splits a string by a delimiter and returns the Nth part. - [starts_with](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/string-functions/starts_with.md): Returns 1 if a string starts with the specified prefix, or 0 otherwise. - [str_to_map](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/string-functions/str_to_map.md): Splits a given string into key-value pairs using two delimiters and returns a map of the split pairs. - [strcmp](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/string-functions/strcmp.md): Compares two strings and returns 0 if equal, -1 if the first is smaller, or 1 if larger. - [strleft](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/string-functions/strleft.md): Returns a specified number of characters from the left of a string; alias of left. - [strpos](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/string-functions/strpos.md): Returns the position of the N-th substring in a string. - [strright](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/string-functions/strright.md): Returns a specified number of characters from the right of a string; alias of right. - [substring, substr](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/string-functions/substring.md): Extracts characters staring from the specified position and returns a substring of specified length. - [substring_index](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/string-functions/substring_index.md): Extracts a substring that precedes or follows the count occurrences of the delimiter. - [tokenize](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/string-functions/tokenize.md): Splits and parses text into tokens based on the specified tokenizer. - [translate](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/string-functions/translate.md): Substitutes specified characters within a string. - [trim](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/string-functions/trim.md): Removes consecutive spaces or specified characters from the beginning and end of the str argument. - [ucase](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/string-functions/ucase.md): Converts a string to uppercase; alias of upper. - [unhex](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/string-functions/unhex.md): Converts a hexadecimal string to its original binary string; inverse of hex. - [upper](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/string-functions/upper.md): Converts a string to upper-case. - [url_decode](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/string-functions/url_decode.md): Translates a string back from the application/x-www-form-urlencoded format. - [url_encode](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/string-functions/url_encode.md): Translates a string into the application/x-www-form-urlencoded format. - [url_extract_host](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/string-functions/url_extract_host.md): Extracts the host section from a URL. - [url_extract_parameter](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/string-functions/url_extract_parameter.md): Extracts the value of the requested name parameter from the query string of a URL. - [named_struct](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/struct-functions/named_struct.md): Creates a struct with the specified field names and values. - [row](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/struct-functions/row.md): Creates a named STRUCT or ROW value from the given values. - [FILES](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/table-functions/files.md): Table function for defining data files in remote storage (HDFS, S3, GCS) for use in loading data into or unloading data from StarRocks. - [generate_series](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/table-functions/generate_series.md): Generates a series of values within the interval specified by start and end, and with an optional step. - [native_query](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/table-functions/native_query.md): native_query is a JDBC catalog table function. - [bar](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/utility-functions/bar.md): Draw a bar graph like histogram to inspect the data distribution. - [catalog](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/utility-functions/catalog.md): Returns the name of the current catalog. - [column_size & column_compressed_size](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/utility-functions/column_size_functions.md): These functions return the size information of table columns for storage analysis and optimization. - [current_role](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/utility-functions/current_role.md): Queries roles that are activated for the current user. - [current_version](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/utility-functions/current_version.md): Returns the current version of StarRocks. - [CURRENT_WAREHOUSE](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/utility-functions/current_warehouse.md): Returns the effective warehouse name for the current session, reflecting the warehouse set via SET WAREHOUSE or the default warehouse. - [database](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/utility-functions/database.md): Returns the name of the current database. - [encode_sort_key](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/utility-functions/encode_sort_key.md): Creates an order-preserving composite binary key from multiple heterogeneous input columns. - [equiwidth_bucket](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/utility-functions/equiwidth_bucket.md): Calculate the equi-width histogram bucket. - [get_query_profile](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/utility-functions/get_query_profile.md): Obtains the profile of a query by using its query_id. - [host_name](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/utility-functions/host_name.md): Obtains the hostname of the node on which the computation is performed. - [is_role_in_session](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/utility-functions/is_role_in_session.md): Verifies whether a role (or a nested role) is active in the current session. - [isnotnull](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/utility-functions/isnotnull.md): Checks whether the value is not NULL, returns 1 if it is not NULL, and returns 0 if it is NULL. - [isnull](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/utility-functions/isnull.md): Checks whether the value is NULL, returns 1 if it is NULL, and returns 0 if it is not NULL. - [last_query_id](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/utility-functions/last_query_id.md): Obtains the ID of the most recently executed query in the current session. - [sleep](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/utility-functions/sleep.md): Delays query execution for a specified number of seconds and returns whether the sleep completed without interruption. - [uuid](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/utility-functions/uuid.md): Returns a random UUID of the VARCHAR type. - [uuid_numeric](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/utility-functions/uuid_numeric.md): Returns a random UUID of the LARGEINT type. - [uuid_v7_numeric](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/utility-functions/uuid_v7_numeric.md): Returns a time-ordered UUID v7 of the LARGEINT type. - [uuid_v7](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/utility-functions/uuidv7.md): Returns a time-ordered UUID v7 of the VARCHAR type. - [version](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/utility-functions/version.md): Returns the current version of the MySQL database. - [get_variant](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/variant-functions/get_variant.md): A family of functions that extract typed values from VARIANT objects at specified paths. - [variant_query](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/variant-functions/variant_query.md): Queries the value of an element that can be located by the path expression in a VARIANT object and returns a VARIANT value. - [variant_typeof](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/variant-functions/variant_typeof.md): Returns the type name of a VARIANT value as a string. - [Window functions](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/Window_function.md): The window function is a special class of built-in functions. - [ALTER USER](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/account-management/ALTER_USER.md): ALTER USER modifies user information, including password, authentication method, default roles, and user properties (supported from v3.3.3 onwards). - [CREATE ROLE](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/account-management/CREATE_ROLE.md): CREATE ROLE creates a role. - [CREATE USER](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/account-management/CREATE_USER.md): CREATE USER creates a StarRocks user. - [DROP ROLE](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/account-management/DROP_ROLE.md): DROP ROLE drops a role. - [DROP USER](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/account-management/DROP_USER.md): DROP USER drops a specified user identity. - [EXECUTE AS](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/account-management/EXECUTE_AS.md): Use the IMPERSONATE privilege with EXECUTE AS statements to switch the execution context of the current session to the impersonated user. - [GRANT](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/account-management/GRANT.md): Grants roles or privileges on specific objects to a user, a role, or an external group. - [REVOKE](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/account-management/REVOKE.md): Use REVOKE to remove specific privileges or roles from a user or a role. - [SET DEFAULT ROLE](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/account-management/SET_DEFAULT_ROLE.md): SET DEFAULT ROLE sets the roles that are activated by default when the user connects to the server. - [SET PASSWORD](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/account-management/SET_PASSWORD.md): SET PASSWORD changes the login password for users. - [SET ROLE](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/account-management/SET_ROLE.md): SET ROLE activates roles, along with all of its associated privileges and nested roles, for the current session. - [SHOW AUTHENTICATION](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/account-management/SHOW_AUTHENTICATION.md): SHOW AUTHENTICATION displays the authentication information of the current user or all users in the current cluster. - [SHOW GRANTS](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/account-management/SHOW_GRANTS.md): SHOW GRANTS displays all the privileges that have been granted to a user or role. - [SHOW PROPERTY](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/account-management/SHOW_PROPERTY.md): SHOW PROPERTY displays properties of a user, including the maximum number of connections, the default catalog, and the default database. - [SHOW ROLES](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/account-management/SHOW_ROLES.md): SHOW ROLES displays all roles in the system. - [SHOW USERS](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/account-management/SHOW_USERS.md): SHOW USERS displays all users in the system. - [BACKUP](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/backup_restore/BACKUP.md): Backs up databases, tables, materialized views, logical views, and UDFs in StarRocks to a remote storage repository. - [CANCEL BACKUP](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/backup_restore/CANCEL_BACKUP.md): Cancels an ongoing BACKUP task in a specified database. - [CANCEL RESTORE](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/backup_restore/CANCEL_RESTORE.md): Cancels an ongoing RESTORE task in a specified database. - [CREATE REPOSITORY](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/backup_restore/CREATE_REPOSITORY.md): Creates a repository in a remote storage system that is used to store data snapshots for backing up and restoring data. - [DROP REPOSITORY](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/backup_restore/DROP_REPOSITORY.md): Deletes a repository. - [RECOVER](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/backup_restore/RECOVER.md): Recovers a database, table, or partition that was dropped by using the DROP command. - [RESTORE](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/backup_restore/RESTORE.md): Restores databases, tables, materialized views, logical views, and UDFs in StarRocks from a snapshot created by BACKUP. - [SHOW BACKUP](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/backup_restore/SHOW_BACKUP.md): Views the last BACKUP task in a specified database. - [SHOW REPOSITORIES](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/backup_restore/SHOW_REPOSITORIES.md): Views the repositories created in StarRocks. - [SHOW RESTORE](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/backup_restore/SHOW_RESTORE.md): Views the last RESTORE task in a specified database. - [SHOW SNAPSHOT](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/backup_restore/SHOW_SNAPSHOT.md): Views data snapshots in a specified repository. - [CREATE EXTERNAL CATALOG](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/Catalog/CREATE_EXTERNAL_CATALOG.md): CREATE EXTERNAL CATALOG creates an external catalog. - [DROP CATALOG](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/Catalog/DROP_CATALOG.md): DROP CATALOG deletes an external catalog. - [SET CATALOG](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/Catalog/SET_CATALOG.md): Switches to a specified catalog in the current session. - [SHOW CATALOGS](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/Catalog/SHOW_CATALOGS.md): SHOW CATALOGS queries all catalogs in the current StarRocks cluster, including the internal catalog and external catalogs. - [SHOW CREATE CATALOG](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/Catalog/SHOW_CREATE_CATALOG.md): SHOW CREATE CATALOG queries the creation statement of an external catalog. - [ANALYZE TABLE](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/cbo_stats/ANALYZE_TABLE.md): ANALYZE TABLE creates a manual collection task for collecting CBO statistics. - [CREATE ANALYZE](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/cbo_stats/CREATE_ANALYZE.md): CREATE ANALYZE customizes an automatic collection task for collecting CBO statistics. - [DROP ANALYZE](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/cbo_stats/DROP_ANALYZE.md): DROP ANALYZE deletes a custom collection task. - [DROP STATS](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/cbo_stats/DROP_STATS.md): DROP STATS deletes CBO statistics, which include basic statistics and histograms. - [KILL ANALYZE](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/cbo_stats/KILL_ANALYZE.md): KILL ANALYZE cancels a running collection task, including manual and custom automatic tasks. - [SHOW ANALYZE JOB](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/cbo_stats/SHOW_ANALYZE_JOB.md): SHOW ANALYZE JOB views the information and status of custom collection tasks. - [SHOW ANALYZE STATUS](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/cbo_stats/SHOW_ANALYZE_STATUS.md): SHOW ANALYZE STATUS views the status of collection tasks. - [SHOW META](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/cbo_stats/SHOW_META.md): SHOW META views metadata of CBO statistics, including basic statistics and histograms. - [ADMIN SET CONFIG](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/cluster-management/config_vars/ADMIN_SET_CONFIG.md): ADMIN SET CONFIG sets FE dynamic configuration items for the StarRocks cluster at runtime. - [ADMIN SHOW CONFIG](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/cluster-management/config_vars/ADMIN_SHOW_CONFIG.md): ADMIN SHOW CONFIG displays the configuration of the current cluster (Currently, only FE configuration items can be displayed). - [REFRESH CONNECTIONS](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/cluster-management/config_vars/REFRESH_CONNECTIONS.md): Refreshes all active connections to apply global variables that have been changed by SET GLOBAL. - [SET](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/cluster-management/config_vars/SET.md): Sets the specified system variables or user-defined variables for StarRocks. - [SHOW VARIABLES](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/cluster-management/config_vars/SHOW_VARIABLES.md): SHOW VARIABLES shows the system variables of StarRocks. - [CREATE FILE](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/cluster-management/file/CREATE_FILE.md): You can execute the CREATE FILE statement to create a file. - [DROP FILE](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/cluster-management/file/DROP_FILE.md): Use the DROP FILE statement to delete a file. - [SHOW FILE](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/cluster-management/file/SHOW_FILE.md): You can execute the SHOW FILE statement to view the information about a file stored in a database. - [ADD BACKEND/COMPUTE NOTE BLACKLIST](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/cluster-management/nodes_processes/ADD_BACKEND_BLACKLIST.md): Adds a BE or CN node to the BE and CN Blacklist. - [ALTER SYSTEM](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/cluster-management/nodes_processes/ALTER_SYSTEM.md): ALTER SYSTEM Manages FE, BE, CN, Broker nodes, and metadata snapshots in a cluster. - [CANCEL DECOMMISSION](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/cluster-management/nodes_processes/CANCEL_DECOMMISSION.md): CANCEL DECOMMISSION is used to undo a node decommission. - [DELETE BACKEND/COMPUTE NOT BLACKLIST](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/cluster-management/nodes_processes/DELETE_BACKEND_BLACKLIST.md): Removes a BE/CN node from the BE Blacklist. - [KILL](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/cluster-management/nodes_processes/KILL.md): Terminates a connection or a query currently being performed by threads executing within StarRocks. - [SHOW BACKEND/COMPUTE NODE BLACKLIST](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/cluster-management/nodes_processes/SHOW_BACKEND_BLACKLIST.md): Shows the BE/CN nodes in the BE and CN Blacklist. - [SHOW BACKENDS](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/cluster-management/nodes_processes/SHOW_BACKENDS.md): SHOW BACKENDS shows the information of all BE nodes in the cluster. - [SHOW BROKER](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/cluster-management/nodes_processes/SHOW_BROKER.md): SHOW BROKER views the information of all brokers that have been added to the StarRocks cluster. - [SHOW COMPUTE NODES](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/cluster-management/nodes_processes/SHOW_COMPUTE_NODES.md): SHOW COMPUTE NODES shows the information of all CN nodes in the cluster. - [SHOW FRONTENDS](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/cluster-management/nodes_processes/SHOW_FRONTENDS.md): SHOW FRONTENDS views the information of all FE nodes in the cluster, including their IP addresses, ports, roles, and status. - [SHOW PROC](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/cluster-management/nodes_processes/SHOW_PROC.md): SHOW PROC shows certain indicators of the StarRocks cluster. - [SHOW PROCESSLIST](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/cluster-management/nodes_processes/SHOW_PROCESSLIST.md): SHOW PROCESSLIST lists the operations currently being performed by threads executing within the server. - [SHOW RUNNING QUERIES](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/cluster-management/nodes_processes/SHOW_RUNNING_QUERIES.md): SHOW RUNNING QUERIES displays information of all queries that are running or pending in the query queue. - [SYNC](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/cluster-management/nodes_processes/SYNC.md): Synchronizes the data consistency among different sessions. - [ANALYZE PROFILE](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/cluster-management/plan_profile/ANALYZE_PROFILE.md): ANALYZE PROFILE analyzes a specific query profile on a per-fragment basis, and displays it in a tree structure. - [EXPLAIN](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/cluster-management/plan_profile/EXPLAIN.md): EXPLAIN shows the logical or physical execution plans for a query statement. - [EXPLAIN ANALYZE](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/cluster-management/plan_profile/EXPLAIN_ANALYZE.md): EXPLAIN ANALYZE runs a SQL statement and returns its query profile with per-operator execution statistics. - [SHOW PROFILELIST](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/cluster-management/plan_profile/SHOW_PROFILELIST.md): SHOW PROFILELIST lists the query profile records cached in your StarRocks cluster. - [INSTALL PLUGIN](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/cluster-management/plugin/INSTALL_PLUGIN.md): INSTALL PLUGIN is used to install a plugin. - [SHOW PLUGINS](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/cluster-management/plugin/SHOW_PLUGINS.md): SHOW PLUGINS is used to view the installed plugins. - [UNINSTALL PLUGIN](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/cluster-management/plugin/UNINSTALL_PLUGIN.md): UNINSTALL PLUGIN is used to uninstall a plugin. - [ALTER RESOURCE GROUP](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/cluster-management/resource_group/ALTER_RESOURCE_GROUP.md): ALTER RESOURCE GROUP alters the configuration of a resource group. - [CREATE RESOURCE GROUP](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/cluster-management/resource_group/CREATE_RESOURCE_GROUP.md): CREATE RESOURCE GROUP creates a resource group. - [DROP RESOURCE GROUP](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/cluster-management/resource_group/DROP_RESOURCE_GROUP.md): DROP RESOURCE GROUP [IF EXISTS] drops the specified resource group. - [SHOW RESOURCE GROUP](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/cluster-management/resource_group/SHOW_RESOURCE_GROUP.md): SHOW RESOURCE GROUP shows the information of resource groups. - [SHOW USAGE RESOURCE GROUPS](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/cluster-management/resource_group/SHOW_USAGE_RESOURCE_GROUPS.md): SHOW USAGE RESOURCE GROUPS shows the usage information of resource groups. - [ADD SQLBLACKLIST](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/cluster-management/sql_blacklist/ADD_SQLBLACKLIST.md): ADD SQLBLACKLIST adds a regular expression to the SQL blacklist to forbid certain SQL patterns. - [DELETE SQLBLACKLIST](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/cluster-management/sql_blacklist/DELETE_SQLBLACKLIST.md): DELETE SQLBLACKLIST deletes an SQL regular expression from the SQL blacklist. - [SHOW SQLBLACKLIST](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/cluster-management/sql_blacklist/SHOW_SQLBLACKLIST.md): SHOW SQLBLACKLIST shows the SQL regular expressions in the SQL blacklist. - [ALTER STORAGE VOLUME](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/cluster-management/storage_volume/ALTER_STORAGE_VOLUME.md): ALTER STORAGE VOLUME alters the credential properties, comment, or status (enabled) of a storage volume. - [CREATE STORAGE VOLUME](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/cluster-management/storage_volume/CREATE_STORAGE_VOLUME.md): CREATE STORAGE VOLUME creates a storage volume for a remote storage system. - [DESC STORAGE VOLUME](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/cluster-management/storage_volume/DESC_STORAGE_VOLUME.md): DESC STORAGE VOLUME describes a storage volume. - [DROP STORAGE VOLUME](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/cluster-management/storage_volume/DROP_STORAGE_VOLUME.md): DROP STORAGE VOLUME drops a storage volume. - [SET DEFAULT STORAGE VOLUME](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/cluster-management/storage_volume/SET_DEFAULT_STORAGE_VOLUME.md): SET DEFAULT STORAGE VOLUME sets a storage volume as the default storage volume. - [SHOW STORAGE VOLUMES](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/cluster-management/storage_volume/SHOW_STORAGE_VOLUMES.md): SHOW STORAGE VOLUMES shows the storage volumes in your StarRocks cluster. - [ADMIN CANCEL REPAIR](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/cluster-management/tablet_replica/ADMIN_CANCEL_REPAIR.md): Cancels the prioritized schedule of repairing operations on specified tables or partitions. - [ADMIN CHECK TABLET](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/cluster-management/tablet_replica/ADMIN_CHECK_TABLET.md): ADMIN CHECK TABLET is used to check a group of tablets. - [ADMIN REPAIR](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/cluster-management/tablet_replica/ADMIN_REPAIR.md): Attempts to repair the specified table or partitions. - [ADMIN SET PARTITION VERSION](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/cluster-management/tablet_replica/ADMIN_SET_PARTITION_VERSION.md): ADMIN SET PARTITION VERSION sets a partition to a specific data version. - [ADMIN SET REPLICA STATUS](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/cluster-management/tablet_replica/ADMIN_SET_REPLICA_STATUS.md): ADMIN SET REPLICA STATUS is used to set the status of the specified replicas. - [ADMIN SHOW REPLICA DISTRIBUTION](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/cluster-management/tablet_replica/ADMIN_SHOW_REPLICA_DISTRIBUTION.md): ADMIN SHOW REPLICA DISTRIBUTION is used to show the distribution status of a table or a partition replica. - [ADMIN SHOW REPLICA STATUS](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/cluster-management/tablet_replica/ADMIN_SHOW_REPLICA_STATUS.md): ADMIN SHOW REPLICA STATUS is used to show the status of replicas for a table or a partition. - [ADMIN SHOW TABLET STATUS](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/cluster-management/tablet_replica/ADMIN_SHOW_TABLET_STATUS.md): Shows the status of Tablets in a cloud-native table or cloud-native materialized view in a shared-data cluster, including whether metadata or data files are... - [ADMIN SKIP COMMITTED TRANSACTION](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/cluster-management/tablet_replica/ADMIN_SKIP_COMMITTED_TRANSACTION.md): Force-abort a transaction stuck in the COMMITTED state on a shared-data table, discarding its data while advancing the partition version. - [SHOW TABLE STATUS](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/cluster-management/tablet_replica/SHOW_TABLE_STATUS.md): SHOW TABLE STATUS is used to view some of the information in Table. - [ALTER DATABASE](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/Database/ALTER_DATABASE.md): ALTER DATABASE configures the properties of the specified database. - [CREATE DATABASE](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/Database/CREATE_DATABASE.md): CREATE DATABASE is used to create databases. - [DROP DATABASE](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/Database/DROP_DATABASE.md): DROP DATABASE is used to delete a database in StarRocks. - [SHOW CREATE DATABASE](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/Database/SHOW_CREATE_DATABASE.md): Shows the SQL command used to create a database. - [SHOW DATA](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/Database/SHOW_DATA.md): SHOW DATA is used to display the amount of data, the number of copies, and the number of statistical rows in a database or a database table. - [SHOW DATABASES](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/Database/SHOW_DATABASES.md): SHOW DATABASES lists databases in your current StarRocks cluster or an external data source. - [USE](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/Database/USE.md): USE specifies the active database for your session. - [CANCEL REFRESH DICTIONARY](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/dictionary/CANCEL_REFRESH_DICTIONARY.md): Cancels the refresh of a dictionary object. - [CREATE DICTIONARY](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/dictionary/CREATE_DICTIONARY.md): Creates a dictionary object based on an original object. - [DROP DICTIONARY](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/dictionary/DROP_DICTIONARY.md): Delete a dictionary object or clear the cached data within a dictionary object. - [REFRESH DICTIONARY](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/dictionary/REFRESH_DICTIONARY.md): Manually refreshes a dictionary object. - [SHOW DICTIONARY](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/dictionary/SHOW_DICTIONARY.md): Shows information about dictionary objects. - [CREATE FUNCTION](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/Function/CREATE_FUNCTION.md): CREATE FUNCTION creates a user-defined function (UDF). - [DROP FUNCTION](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/Function/DROP_FUNCTION.md): DROP FUNCTION deletes a custom function. - [SHOW CREATE FUNCTION](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/Function/SHOW_CREATE_FUNCTION.md): SHOW CREATE FUNCTION returns the CREATE FUNCTION DDL for a user-defined function. - [SHOW FUNCTIONS](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/Function/SHOW_FUNCTIONS.md): SHOW FUNCTIONS queries all the custom (or built-in) functions under a database. - [Generated columns](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/generated_columns.md): Since v3.1, StarRocks supports generated columns. - [Keywords](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/keywords.md): Reference list of reserved and non-reserved keywords in StarRocks SQL. - [ALTER LOAD](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/loading_unloading/ALTER_LOAD.md): ALTER LOAD changes the priority of a Broker Load job that is in the QUEUEING or LOADING state. - [BROKER LOAD](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/loading_unloading/BROKER_LOAD.md): StarRocks provides the MySQL-based loading method Broker Load. - [CANCEL LOAD](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/loading_unloading/CANCEL_LOAD.md): CANCEL LOAD cancels a given load job: Broker Load, Spark Load, or INSERT. - [ALTER TASK](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/loading_unloading/ETL/ALTER_TASK.md): Modifies an asynchronous ETL task submitted using SUBMIT TASK. - [DROP TASK](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/loading_unloading/ETL/DROP_TASK.md): DROP TASK drops an asynchronous ETL task submitted using SUBMIT TASK. - [SUBMIT TASK](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/loading_unloading/ETL/SUBMIT_TASK.md): SUBMIT TASK submits an ETL statement as an asynchronous task. - [INSERT](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/loading_unloading/INSERT.md): Inserts data into a specific table or overwrites a specific table with data. - [ALTER PIPE](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/loading_unloading/pipe/ALTER_PIPE.md): ALTER PIPE alters the settings of the properties of a pipe. - [CREATE PIPE](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/loading_unloading/pipe/CREATE_PIPE.md): CREATE PIPE creates a new pipe for defining the INSERT INTO SELECT FROM FILES statement used by the system to load data from a specified source data file to... - [DROP PIPE](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/loading_unloading/pipe/DROP_PIPE.md): DROP PIPE drops a pipe and the related jobs and metadata. - [RETRY FILE](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/loading_unloading/pipe/RETRY_FILE.md): RETRY FILE retries to load all data files or a specific data file in a pipe. - [SHOW PIPES](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/loading_unloading/pipe/SHOW_PIPES.md): SHOW PIPES lists the pipes stored in a specified database or in the current database in use. - [SUSPEND or RESUME PIPE](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/loading_unloading/pipe/SUSPEND_or_RESUME_PIPE.md): Suspends or resumes a pipe to pause or continue its in-progress data loading jobs. - [ALTER ROUTINE LOAD](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/loading_unloading/routine_load/ALTER_ROUTINE_LOAD.md): ALTER ROUTINE LOAD alters a Routine Load job that is in the PAUSED state. - [CREATE ROUTINE LOAD](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/loading_unloading/routine_load/CREATE_ROUTINE_LOAD.md): Routine Load can continuously consume messages from Apache Kafka® and load data into StarRocks. - [PAUSE ROUTINE LOAD](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/loading_unloading/routine_load/PAUSE_ROUTINE_LOAD.md): PAUSE ROUTINE LOAD suspends a running Routine Load job without terminating it. - [RESUME ROUTINE LOAD](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/loading_unloading/routine_load/RESUME_ROUTINE_LOAD.md): RESUME ROUTINE LOAD resumes a Routine load job. - [SHOW ROUTINE LOAD](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/loading_unloading/routine_load/SHOW_ROUTINE_LOAD.md): SHOW ROUTINE LOAD shows the execution information of Routine Load jobs. - [SHOW ROUTINE LOAD TASK](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/loading_unloading/routine_load/SHOW_ROUTINE_LOAD_TASK.md): SHOW ROUTINE LOAD TASK shows the execution information of load tasks within a Routine Load job. - [STOP ROUTINE LOAD](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/loading_unloading/routine_load/STOP_ROUTINE_LOAD.md): STOP ROUTINE LOAD stops a Routine Load job. - [SHOW LOAD](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/loading_unloading/SHOW_LOAD.md): SHOW LOAD displays information of all load jobs or given load jobs in a database. - [SHOW TRANSACTION](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/loading_unloading/SHOW_TRANSACTION.md): SHOW TRANSACTION is used to view the transaction details of the specified transaction id. - [SPARK LOAD](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/loading_unloading/SPARK_LOAD.md): SPARK LOAD imports data into StarRocks using Spark for preprocessing, improving performance for large-scale initial data migrations. - [STREAM LOAD](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/loading_unloading/STREAM_LOAD.md): STREAM LOAD allows you to load data from a local file system or a streaming data source. - [CANCEL EXPORT](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/loading_unloading/unloading/CANCEL_EXPORT.md): CANCEL EXPORT cancels a given data unloading job. - [EXPORT](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/loading_unloading/unloading/EXPORT.md): Exports the data of a table to a specified location. - [SHOW EXPORT](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/loading_unloading/unloading/SHOW_EXPORT.md): SHOW EXPORT queries the execution information of export jobs that meet the specified conditions. - [ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/materialized_view/ALTER_MATERIALIZED_VIEW.md): Alters the name, refresh strategy, status, or properties of an asynchronous materialized view, or atomically swaps two views. - [CANCEL REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/materialized_view/CANCEL_REFRESH_MATERIALIZED_VIEW.md): CANCEL REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW cancels a refresh task for an asynchronous materialized view. - [CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/materialized_view/CREATE_MATERIALIZED_VIEW.md): CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW creates a materialized view. - [DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/materialized_view/DROP_MATERIALIZED_VIEW.md): DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW drops a materialized view. - [REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/materialized_view/REFRESH_MATERIALIZED_VIEW.md): REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW manually refreshes a specific asynchronous materialized view or partitions within. - [SHOW ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/materialized_view/SHOW_ALTER_MATERIALIZED_VIEW.md): SHOW ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW shows the building status of synchronous materialized views. - [SHOW CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/materialized_view/SHOW_CREATE_MATERIALIZED_VIEW.md): SHOW CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW shows the definition of a specific asynchronous materialized view. - [SHOW MATERIALIZED VIEWS](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/materialized_view/SHOW_MATERIALIZED_VIEW.md): SHOW MATERIALIZED VIEWS shows all or one specific asynchronous materialized view. - [Prepared statements](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/prepared_statement.md): From v3.2 onwards, StarRocks provides prepared statements for executing SQL statements multiple times with the same structure but different variables. - [ALTER RESOURCE](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/Resource/ALTER_RESOURCE.md): Use the ALTER RESOURCE statement to modify the properties of a resource. - [CREATE RESOURCE](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/Resource/CREATE_RESOURCE.md): Creates resources. - [DROP RESOURCE](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/Resource/DROP_RESOURCE.md): Use DROP RESOURCE to drop an existing resource. - [SHOW RESOURCES](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/Resource/SHOW_RESOURCES.md): SHOW RESOURCES shows the resources that the users have permissions to use. - [ALTER TABLE](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/table_bucket_part_index/ALTER_TABLE.md): Modifies an existing StarRocks table: renaming, partitioning, bucketing, columns, rollup indexes, and table properties. - [AUTO_INCREMENT](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/table_bucket_part_index/auto_increment.md): Since version 3.0, StarRocks supports the AUTO_INCREMENT column attribute, which can simplify data management. - [CANCEL ALTER TABLE](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/table_bucket_part_index/CANCEL_ALTER_TABLE.md): Cancels an in-progress ALTER TABLE operation such as column modification, schema optimization, or rollup index creation. - [CREATE INDEX](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/table_bucket_part_index/CREATE_INDEX.md): Creates indexes. - [CREATE TABLE](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/table_bucket_part_index/CREATE_TABLE.md): Create a new table in StarRocks. - [CREATE TABLE AS SELECT](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/table_bucket_part_index/CREATE_TABLE_AS_SELECT.md): CREATE TABLE AS SELECT (CTAS) creates a new table and populates it with query results, supporting synchronous and asynchronous modes. - [CREATE TABLE LIKE](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/table_bucket_part_index/CREATE_TABLE_LIKE.md): CREATE TABLE LIKE creates an identical empty table based on the definition of another table. - [DELETE](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/table_bucket_part_index/DELETE.md): Deletes data rows from a table based on the specified conditions. - [DESC](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/table_bucket_part_index/DESCRIBE.md): Views the schema of a StarRocks table or external table, including its sort key and materialized view information. - [DROP INDEX](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/table_bucket_part_index/DROP_INDEX.md): DROP INDEX is used to drop a specified index on a table. - [DROP TABLE](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/table_bucket_part_index/DROP_TABLE.md): DROP TABLE is used to delete a table. - [REFRESH EXTERNAL TABLE](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/table_bucket_part_index/REFRESH_EXTERNAL_TABLE.md): REFRESH EXTERNAL TABLE metadata cached in StarRocks. - [SELECT](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/table_bucket_part_index/SELECT.md): SELECT queries data from one or more tables, views, or materialized views. - [Alias](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/table_bucket_part_index/SELECT/SELECT_alias.md): When you write the names of tables, columns, or expressions that contain columns in a query, you can assign them an alias. - [Common Table Expression](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/table_bucket_part_index/SELECT/SELECT_CTE.md): You can use a common table expression (CTE) to define a temporary result set that you can reference possibly multiple times within the scope of a SQL statement. - [DISTINCT](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/table_bucket_part_index/SELECT/SELECT_DISTINCT.md): The DISTINCT keyword deduplicates the result set. - [EXCEPT/MINUS](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/table_bucket_part_index/SELECT/SELECT_EXCEPT_MINUS.md): Returns distinct results of the left-hand query that do not exist in the right-hand query. - [EXCLUDE](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/table_bucket_part_index/SELECT/SELECT_EXCLUDE.md): EXCLUDE keyword filters specified columns from SELECT * results, available from StarRocks v4.0. - [GROUP BY](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/table_bucket_part_index/SELECT/SELECT_GROUP_BY.md): The GROUP BY clause is often used with aggregate functions. - [HAVING](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/table_bucket_part_index/SELECT/SELECT_HAVING.md): The HAVING clause does not filter row data in a table, but filters the results of aggregate functions. - [INTERSECT](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/table_bucket_part_index/SELECT/SELECT_INTERSECT.md): Calculates the intersection of the results of multiple queries, that is, the results that appear in all the result sets. - [JOIN](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/table_bucket_part_index/SELECT/SELECT_JOIN.md): Join operations combine data from two or more tables and then return a result set of some columns from some of them. - [LIMIT](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/table_bucket_part_index/SELECT/SELECT_LIMIT.md): LIMIT clauses are used to limit the maximum number of rows returned. - [OFFSET](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/table_bucket_part_index/SELECT/SELECT_OFFSET.md): The OFFSET clause causes the result set to skip the first few rows and return the following results directly. - [ORDER BY](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/table_bucket_part_index/SELECT/SELECT_ORDER_BY.md): The ORDER BY clause of a SELECT statement sorts the result set by comparing the values from one or more columns. - [PIVOT](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/table_bucket_part_index/SELECT/SELECT_PIVOT.md): PIVOT transforms rows into columns using aggregate functions, simplifying pivot table queries in StarRocks. - [Subquery](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/table_bucket_part_index/SELECT/SELECT_subquery.md): How to write correlated and non-correlated subqueries in StarRocks, including [NOT] IN, EXISTS, scalar, and lateral join forms. - [UNION](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/table_bucket_part_index/SELECT/SELECT_UNION.md): Combines the result of multiple queries. - [Where and Operators](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/table_bucket_part_index/SELECT/SELECT_WHERE_operator.md): SQL operators are a series of functions used for comparison and are widely used in where clauses of select statements. - [SHOW ALTER TABLE](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/table_bucket_part_index/SHOW_ALTER.md): Shows the execution status of ongoing ALTER TABLE operations including column changes, schema optimization, and rollup index changes. - [SHOW CREATE TABLE](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/table_bucket_part_index/SHOW_CREATE_TABLE.md): Returns the CREATE TABLE statement that was used to create a given table. - [SHOW DELETE](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/table_bucket_part_index/SHOW_DELETE.md): SHOW DELETE queries historical DELETE operations that were successfully performed on Duplicate Key, Unique Key, and Aggregate tables in a specified database. - [SHOW DYNAMIC PARTITION TABLES](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/table_bucket_part_index/SHOW_DYNAMIC_PARTITION_TABLES.md): SHOW DYNAMIC PARTITION TABLES is used to display the status of all the partitioned tables for which dynamic partitioning properties are configured in a... - [SHOW FULL COLUMNS](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/table_bucket_part_index/SHOW_FULL_COLUMNS.md): SHOW FULL COLUMNS is used to show content in columns from specified tables. - [SHOW INDEX](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/table_bucket_part_index/SHOW_INDEX.md): SHOW INDEX is used to show information related to index in a table. - [SHOW PARTITIONS](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/table_bucket_part_index/SHOW_PARTITIONS.md): SHOW PARTITIONS displays partition information for a table, including common and temporary partitions. - [SHOW TABLES](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/table_bucket_part_index/SHOW_TABLES.md): SHOW TABLES displays all tables in a StarRocks database or a database in an external data source, for example, Hive, Iceberg, Hudi, or Delta Lake. - [SHOW TABLET](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/table_bucket_part_index/SHOW_TABLET.md): SHOW TABLET displays tablet related information. - [TRUNCATE TABLE](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/table_bucket_part_index/TRUNCATE_TABLE.md): TRUNCATE TABLE is used to truncate the specified table and partition data. - [UPDATE](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/table_bucket_part_index/UPDATE.md): Updates rows in a Primary Key table. - [Translate Trino SQL](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/TRANSLATE_TRINO.md): From v3.3.9, StarRocks supports translating Trino SQL statements into StarRocks SQL statements. - [ALTER VIEW](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/View/ALTER_VIEW.md): ALTER VIEW Modifies the definition of a view. - [CREATE VIEW](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/View/CREATE_VIEW.md): CREATE VIEW creates a logical view. - [DROP VIEW](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/View/DROP_VIEW.md): DROP VIEW is used to drop a logical view VIEW - [SHOW CREATE VIEW](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/View/SHOW_CREATE_VIEW.md): Returns the CREATE statement that was used to create a given view. - [System metadatabase](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sys.md): Each StarRocks cluster maintains a database sys, which contains several read-only, system-defined views. - [fe_locks](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sys/fe_locks.md): fe_locks provides information about metadata locks in StarRocks FE. - [grants_to_roles](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sys/grants_to_roles.md): System view showing the privileges granted to each user-defined role in StarRocks. - [grants_to_users](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sys/grants_to_users.md): System view showing the privileges granted to each user in StarRocks. - [object_dependencies](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sys/object_dependencies.md): System view for querying the dependency relationships of asynchronous materialized views and their referenced objects. - [policy_references](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sys/policy_references.md): System view listing which objects reference row access policies and column masking policies in a StarRocks cluster. - [role_edges](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sys/role_edges.md): System view showing which roles have been granted to which users or roles in StarRocks. - [System limits](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/System_limit.md): System limits and naming rules for StarRocks objects including databases, tables, partitions, columns, and identifiers. - [System variables](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/System_variable.md): StarRocks provides many system variables that can be set and modified to suit your requirements. - [Template for writing FE/BE parameters and variables](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/template_for_config.md): When you add, modify, or delete an FE/BE parameter or a variable in code, do remember to update documentation: FE configuration, BE configuration, System variables. - [User-defined variables](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/user_defined_variables.md): StarRocks 2.5 and later versions support user-defined variables. ## Starrocks Kubernetes Operator - [Releases of Kubernetes Operator for StarRocks](https://docs.starrocks.io/releasenotes/starrocks-kubernetes-operator.md): The Operator provided by StarRocks is used to deploy StarRocks clusters in the Kubernetes environment. ## Table_design - [Catalogs, databases, and tables](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/table_design.md): Overview of StarRocks catalog, database, and table organization: internal vs external catalogs, database objects including tables, materialized views, and... - [Data compression](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/table_design/data_compression.md): How to configure data compression in StarRocks using LZ4, Zstandard, zlib, or Snappy algorithms to reduce storage space and improve I/O performance. - [Data distribution](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/table_design/data_distribution.md): How to configure partitioning and bucketing in StarRocks for even data distribution and optimal query performance. - [Range partitioning (Legacy)](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/table_design/data_distribution/dynamic_partitioning.md): How to use legacy range partitioning with dynamic partition strategy in StarRocks to automatically create and drop time-based partitions and manage... - [Expression partitioning (recommended)](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/table_design/data_distribution/expression_partitioning.md): How to use expression partitioning in StarRocks to automatically create partitions based on data values. - [Feature Support: Data Distribution](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/table_design/data_distribution/feature-support-data-distribution.md): Reference for partitioning and bucketing feature support in StarRocks, including expression partitioning, list partitioning, random bucketing, and colocate... - [List partitioning (Legacy)](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/table_design/data_distribution/list_partitioning.md): How to use list partitioning in StarRocks (from v3.1) to partition data by predefined enumeration values, accelerating queries and management on categorical... - [Temporary partition](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/table_design/data_distribution/Temporary_partition.md): How to use temporary partitions in StarRocks to atomically overwrite data, adjust partitioning strategies, or stage data without affecting production queries. - [Hybrid row-column storage](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/table_design/hybrid_table.md): How to use hybrid row-column storage in StarRocks (from v3.2.3) for high-concurrency point queries and partial column updates alongside efficient analytical... - [Indexes](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/table_design/indexes.md): Overview of index types in StarRocks: built-in indexes (Prefix, Ordinal, ZoneMap) automatically created by the system, and user-created indexes (Bitmap,... - [Bitmap indexes](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/table_design/indexes/Bitmap_index.md): How to create and manage bitmap indexes in StarRocks to accelerate equality and range queries on low-cardinality columns using bitmap data structures. - [Bloom filter indexes](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/table_design/indexes/Bloomfilter_index.md): How to create and manage Bloom filter indexes in StarRocks to skip data files that don't contain queried values, improving query performance on... - [Full-text inverted index](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/table_design/indexes/inverted_index.md): How to create and use full-text inverted indexes in StarRocks (from v3.3) to accelerate text keyword searches and LIKE queries by indexing individual words. - [N-gram bloom filter index](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/table_design/indexes/Ngram_Bloom_Filter_Index.md): How to use N-gram Bloom filter indexes in StarRocks to accelerate LIKE queries and ngram_search functions by tokenizing strings into N-character substrings... - [Prefix indexes](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/table_design/indexes/Prefix_index_sort_key.md): How Prefix indexes work in StarRocks as automatically generated sort-key indexes that accelerate range queries and equality filters on sort key columns. - [Vector Index](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/table_design/indexes/vector_index.md): How to create and use vector indexes (IVFPQ, HNSW) in StarRocks for approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) on high-dimensional vector data, available in... - [Table overview](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/table_design/StarRocks_table_design.md): Overview of StarRocks table design principles: columnar storage, sort keys, data organization, and how to structure tables for optimized query performance. - [Overview of table types](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/table_design/table_types.md): Overview of StarRocks table types: Duplicate Key, Aggregate, Unique Key, and Primary Key tables, with use case guidance for log analysis, aggregation, and... - [Aggregate table](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/table_design/table_types/aggregate_table.md): How to create and use Aggregate tables in StarRocks with aggregate keys and aggregate functions to pre-aggregate data during loading and speed up aggregate... - [Duplicate Key table](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/table_design/table_types/duplicate_key_table.md): How to create and use Duplicate Key tables (the default StarRocks table type) for storing raw event logs and time-series data with a configurable sort key. - [Primary Key table](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/table_design/table_types/primary_key_table.md): How to create and use Primary Key tables in StarRocks for real-time upsert and delete with strong consistency, supporting efficient ad-hoc queries on the... - [Capabilities of different table types](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/table_design/table_types/table_capabilities.md): Comparison of capabilities across StarRocks table types: Duplicate Key, Aggregate, Unique Key, and Primary Key tables, including supported features and use... - [Unique Key table](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/table_design/table_types/unique_key_table.md): How to create and use Unique Key tables in StarRocks to deduplicate rows on a unique key, returning only the latest value per key. Largely superseded by... ## Unloading - [Interact with StarRocks via Arrow Flight SQL](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/unloading/arrow_flight.md): From v3.5.1 onwards, StarRocks supports connections via Apache Arrow Flight SQL protocol. - [Export data using EXPORT](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/unloading/Export.md): How to export table data from StarRocks as CSV files to HDFS or object storage using the EXPORT statement. - [Feature Support: Data Loading and Unloading](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/unloading/feature-support-loading-and-unloading.md) - [Read data from StarRocks using Flink connector](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/unloading/Flink_connector.md): StarRocks provides a self-developed connector named StarRocks Connector for Apache Flink® (Flink connector for short) to help you read data in bulk from a... - [Read data from StarRocks using Spark connector](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/unloading/Spark_connector.md): StarRocks provides a self-developed connector named StarRocks Connector for Apache Spark™ (Spark connector for short) to help you read data from a StarRocks... - [Unload data using INSERT INTO FILES](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/unloading/unload_using_insert_into_files.md): From v3.2 onwards, StarRocks supports using the table function FILES() to define a writable file in remote storage. ## Using_starrocks - [Accelerate Cardinality-Preserving Joins](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/using_starrocks/accelerate-cardinality-preserving-joins.md): How to use table pruning to accelerate cardinality-preserving joins in StarRocks by removing redundant joined tables that do not affect query results. - [Feature Support: Asynchronous Materialized Views](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/using_starrocks/async_mv/feature-support-asynchronous-materialized-views.md): Reference for feature support boundaries of asynchronous materialized views in StarRocks: supported join types, aggregate functions, query rewrite... - [Asynchronous materialized views](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/using_starrocks/async_mv/Materialized_view.md): How to create, use, refresh, and manage asynchronous materialized views in StarRocks for accelerating multi-table join and aggregation queries with... - [Understand Materialized View Task Runs](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/using_starrocks/async_mv/materialized_view_task_run_details.md): How to view and interpret materialized view refresh task run details in StarRocks to understand refresh behavior, troubleshoot failures, and monitor refresh... - [Asynchronous Materialized View References](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/using_starrocks/async_mv/mv_ref.md): Reference index for asynchronous materialized view SQL statements (CREATE, ALTER, REFRESH, DROP) and system views for monitoring in StarRocks. - [Troubleshooting asynchronous materialized views](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/using_starrocks/async_mv/troubleshooting_asynchronous_materialized_views.md): Troubleshooting guide for asynchronous materialized views in StarRocks: how to diagnose and fix refresh failures, query rewrite issues, and data consistency... - [Create a partitioned materialized view](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/using_starrocks/async_mv/use_cases/create_partitioned_materialized_view.md): How to create a partitioned materialized view in StarRocks with time-range or list partitioning for incremental refresh and partition-level query rewrite. - [Data lake query acceleration with materialized views](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/using_starrocks/async_mv/use_cases/data_lake_query_acceleration_with_materialized_views.md): How to use asynchronous materialized views in StarRocks to accelerate queries against data lake tables (Iceberg, Hive, Hudi, Delta Lake) through transparent... - [Data modeling with materialized views](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/using_starrocks/async_mv/use_cases/data_modeling_with_materialized_views.md): How to use asynchronous materialized views in StarRocks to simplify ETL pipelines, build reusable data models, and improve query performance through layered... - [Query rewrite with materialized views](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/using_starrocks/async_mv/use_cases/query_rewrite_with_materialized_views.md): How StarRocks automatically rewrites queries to use asynchronous materialized views for transparent query acceleration, including supported rewrite... - [Data Cache](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/using_starrocks/caching/block_cache.md): How to configure and use Data Cache in StarRocks to cache data blocks from remote storage (object storage, HDFS) on local disk, accelerating queries in... - [Query Cache](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/using_starrocks/caching/query_cache.md): How to configure and use Query Cache in StarRocks to store intermediate aggregation results in memory, improving QPS and reducing latency for... - [Colocate Join](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/using_starrocks/Colocate_join.md): How to use Colocate Join in StarRocks to perform joins locally without network data transmission by co-locating data from joined tables in the same... - [Gather statistics for CBO](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/using_starrocks/Cost_based_optimizer.md): How to configure StarRocks' cost-based optimizer (CBO) by collecting full, sampled, and histogram statistics for internal and external tables to improve... - [Bitmap for Count Distinct](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/using_starrocks/distinct_values/Using_bitmap.md): How to use bitmaps in StarRocks for efficient COUNT(DISTINCT) calculations using the BITMAP type and bitmap functions, reducing storage space and... - [Use HLL for approximate count distinct](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/using_starrocks/distinct_values/Using_HLL.md): How to use HyperLogLog (HLL) in StarRocks for approximate COUNT(DISTINCT) with ~1-10% error rate, significantly reducing memory usage for large-scale... - [Flat JSON](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/using_starrocks/Flat_json.md): How to use Flat JSON in StarRocks to accelerate JSON queries by extracting common fields from JSON columns into flat columnar storage, reducing parsing... - [JIT Compilation for Expressions](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/using_starrocks/jit.md): How to enable and configure JIT (just-in-time) compilation for expressions in StarRocks to accelerate expression evaluation in query execution. - [Use Lateral Join for column-to-row conversion](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/using_starrocks/Lateral_join.md): How to use Lateral Join with unnest() in StarRocks to convert array columns to rows (explode), commonly used in ETL pipelines for column-to-row transformation. - [Synchronous materialized view](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/using_starrocks/Materialized_view-single_table.md): How to create, use, and manage synchronous materialized views (Rollups) in StarRocks for transparent acceleration of single-table aggregate queries with... - [Accelerate COUNT(DISTINCT) and Joins with AUTO INCREMENT and Global Dictionary](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/using_starrocks/query_acceleration_with_auto_increment.md): How to use AUTO INCREMENT columns and Global Dictionary in StarRocks to replace string keys with integer IDs, accelerating COUNT(DISTINCT) and join operations. - [Query Feedback](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/using_starrocks/query_feedback.md): How to use Query Feedback in StarRocks to automatically analyze slow query plans, generate optimization guides via Query Plan Advisor, and improve... - [View Running Queries](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/using_starrocks/running_queries.md): How to view and monitor running queries in StarRocks using current_queries and related views, analyze their resource consumption, and cancel long-running... - [Skew Join V2](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/using_starrocks/skew_join_v2.md): How to use Skew Join V2 in StarRocks to optimize JOIN queries with data skew by broadcasting skew values, improving performance for heavily skewed data... - [Sorted streaming aggregate](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/using_starrocks/sorted_aggregate.md): How to use sorted streaming aggregate in StarRocks (available from v2.5) to optimize GROUP BY queries on pre-sorted data, reducing memory overhead compared... - [SQL Plan Manager](https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/using_starrocks/SQL_plan_manager.md): How to use SQL Plan Manager in StarRocks to bind a fixed query plan to a SQL statement, preventing plan changes from statistics or data updates and...