GROUP BY

The GROUP BY clause is often used with aggregate functions. Columns specified in the GROUP BY clause will not participate in the aggregation operation.

Syntax

SELECT
...
aggregate_function() [ FILTER ( where boolean_expression ) ]
...
FROM ...
[ ... ]
GROUP BY [
    , ... |
    GROUPING SETS [, ...] (  groupSet [ , groupSet [ , ... ] ] ) |
    ROLLUP(expr  [ , expr [ , ... ] ]) |
    CUBE(expr  [ , expr [ , ... ] ])
    ]
[ ... ]

Parameters

• FILTER can be used together with aggregate functions. Only filtered rows will participate in the calculation of the aggregate function.

  NOTE

  • The FILTER clause is only supported in AVG, COUNT, MAX, MIN, SUM, ARRAY_AGG, and ARRAY_AGG_DISTINCT functions.
  • The FILTER clause is not supported for COUNT DISTINCT.
  • When the FILTER clause is specified, ORDER BY clauses are not allowed within ARRAY_AGG and ARRAY_AGG_DISTINCT functions.

• GROUPING SETS, CUBE, and ROLLUP are extensions of the GROUP BY clause. In a GROUP BY clause, they can be used to achieve grouped aggregations of multiple sets. The results are equivalent to that of the UNION of multiple GROUP BY clauses.

Examples

Example 1: FILTER

The following two queries are equivalent.

SELECT
  COUNT(*) AS total_users,
  SUM(CASE WHEN gender = 'M' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS male_users,
  SUM(CASE WHEN gender = 'F' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS female_users
FROM users;

SELECT
  COUNT(*) AS total_users,
  COUNT(*) FILTER (WHERE gender = 'M') AS male_users,
  COUNT(*) FILTER (WHERE gender = 'F') AS female_users
FROM users;

Example 2: GROUPING SETS, CUBE, and ROLLUP

ROLLUP(a,b,c) is equivalent to the following GROUPING SETS clause.

GROUPING SETS (
(a,b,c),
(a,b  ),
(a    ),
(     )
)

CUBE (a, b, c) is equivalent to the following GROUPING SETS clause.

GROUPING SETS (
( a, b, c ),
( a, b    ),
( a,    c ),
( a       ),
(    b, c ),
(    b    ),
(       c ),
(         )
)

Test in an actual dataset.

SELECT * FROM t;
+------+------+------+
| k1   | k2   | k3   |
+------+------+------+
| a    | A    |    1 |
| a    | A    |    2 |
| a    | B    |    1 |
| a    | B    |    3 |
| b    | A    |    1 |
| b    | A    |    4 |
| b    | B    |    1 |
| b    | B    |    5 |
+------+------+------+
8 rows in set (0.01 sec)

SELECT k1, k2, SUM(k3) FROM t
GROUP BY GROUPING SETS ( (k1, k2), (k2), (k1), ( ) );
+------+------+-----------+
| k1   | k2   | sum(`k3`) |
+------+------+-----------+
| b    | B    |         6 |
| a    | B    |         4 |
| a    | A    |         3 |
| b    | A    |         5 |
| NULL | B    |        10 |
| NULL | A    |         8 |
| a    | NULL |         7 |
| b    | NULL |        11 |
| NULL | NULL |        18 |
+------+------+-----------+
9 rows in set (0.06 sec)

SELECT k1, k2, GROUPING_ID(k1,k2), SUM(k3) FROM t
GROUP BY GROUPING SETS ((k1, k2), (k1), (k2), ());
+------+------+---------------+----------------+
| k1   | k2   | grouping_id(k1,k2) | sum(`k3`) |
+------+------+---------------+----------------+
| a    | A    |             0 |              3 |
| a    | B    |             0 |              4 |
| a    | NULL |             1 |              7 |
| b    | A    |             0 |              5 |
| b    | B    |             0 |              6 |
| b    | NULL |             1 |             11 |
| NULL | A    |             2 |              8 |
| NULL | B    |             2 |             10 |
| NULL | NULL |             3 |             18 |
+------+------+---------------+----------------+
9 rows in set (0.02 sec)